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Fake human face recognition with classical-quantum hybrid transfer learning

Furkan Ciylan, Bünyamin Ciylan

Published Feb 19, 2021• 1 citation
OpenAlex

Abstract

Many security applications like face recognition and iris recognition developed to ensure the safety of the critical or personal data. Reliability of these applications are highly depending over the reliability of machine vision algorithms. Along with the development of the generative models standard machine vision dependent data security measurement systems became vulnerable. Currently, generating fake data to bypass machine vision dependent security systems is possible with a personal computer. In order to ensure the reliability of security measurements depending on the machine vision techniques it is critical to recognize fake images. In this research, possible use case of a quantum computer to ensure the reliability of machine vision dependent security systems is investigated. A hybrid quantum-classical hybrid model with the transfer learning approach is proposed to recognize whether if a face is fake or not. Effects of the quantum model’s depth over the accuracy is explored. ResNet-18 architecture is used as the classical part and a custom quantum neural network architecture built with the dressed quantum circuits is used as quantum part. This research is aimed to extend the use cases of quantum neural networks to security applications. Accuracies of quantum neural networks with different depths are reported. A simulated quantum computer is used to train the models. Along with the proposed approach it is concluded that it is possible to apply classical-quantum neural networks to improve the reliability of machine vision dependent security systems after the quantum co-processors become available in daily life.

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Many security applications like face recognition and iris recognition developed to ensure the safety of the critical or personal data. Reliability of these applications are highly depending over the reliability of machine vision algorithms. Along with the development of the generative models standard machine vision dependent data security measurement systems became vulnerable. Currently, generating fake data to bypass machine vision dependent security systems is possible with a personal computer. In order to ensure the reliability of security measurements depending on the machine vision techniques it is critical to recognize fake images. In this research, possible use case of a quantum computer to ensure the reliability of machine vision dependent security systems is investigated. A hybrid quantum-classical hybrid model with the transfer learning approach is proposed to recognize whether if a face is fake or not. Effects of the quantum model’s depth over the accuracy is explored. ResNet-18 architecture is used as the classical part and a custom quantum neural network architecture built with the dressed quantum circuits is used as quantum part. This research is aimed to extend the use cases of quantum neural networks to security applications. Accuracies of quantum neural networks with different depths are reported. A simulated quantum computer is used to train the models. Along with the proposed approach it is concluded that it is possible to apply classical-quantum neural networks to improve the reliability of machine vision dependent security systems after the quantum co-processors become available in daily life.
Face recognition has become an essential biometric technology for applications such as security monitoring, user authentication, and intelligent surveillance systems. Conventional approaches based on deep neural networks, particularly convolution-based architectures, provide high recognition performance but often demand considerable computational resources and extended training durations as network complexity increases. To overcome these challenges, Quantum Machine Learning (QML) utilizes quantum computing concepts, including quantum superposition and entangled states, to achieve efficient feature representation and processing. This paper presents a Hybrid Quantum-Classical Face Recognition System built on a Multi-Gate Quantum Convolutional Neural Network (MG-QCNN). The proposed framework employs a 4-qubit variational quantum circuit that incorporates RY state encoding together with RX, RZ, and CNOT quantum operations to extract discriminative facial representations. In addition, a structural ablation analysis is conducted to investigate the influence of individual quantum components on the overall recognition capability of the model. To enhance spatial feature learning and classification performance, several classical neural network layers, namely convolution, batch normalization, max-pooling, dropout, and fully connected layers, are integrated after the quantum feature extraction stage. Within the hybrid framework, the quantum circuit is responsible for generating meaningful feature representations, whereas the classical neural network performs feature refinement and final identity classification. The framework is further combined with the DeepFace verification approach to perform facial similarity analysis and identity verification. Moreover, an Open-Set Face Recognition mechanism is incorporated to determine if an input facial image corresponds to a registered identity or represents an unseen individual. This capability increases system reliability and supports accurate unknown-person identification
We extend the concept of transfer learning, widely applied in modern machine learning algorithms, to the emerging context of hybrid neural networks composed of classical and quantum elements. We propose different implementations of hybrid transfer learning, but we focus mainly on the paradigm in which a pre-trained classical network is modified and augmented by a final variational quantum circuit. This approach is particularly attractive in the current era of intermediate-scale quantum technology since it allows to optimally pre-process high dimensional data (e.g., images) with any state-of-the-art classical network and to embed a select set of highly informative features into a quantum processor. We present several proof-of-concept examples of the convenient application of quantum transfer learning for image recognition and quantum state classification. We use the cross-platform software library PennyLane to experimentally test a high-resolution image classifier with two different quantum computers, respectively provided by IBM and Rigetti.
Quantum machine learning (QML) is a research area that combines algorithms from quantum computing and machine learning into one functional system. This poster presents the results of an example of its successful use to recognize the gender of people by their faces. This recognition was performed using a learned hybrid quantum neural network that contains both neural layers implemented by a classical computer and neural layers implemented by the simulator of a quantum computer in which a variational quantum circuit (VQC) is programmed. The most computationally demanding part was teaching this network a training set containing several hundred female and male faces. The learning was done relatively quickly thanks to the powerful NVIDIA CUDA Quantum simulator. This platform allows running simulations on supercomputing nodes with many CPU and GPU cores, which significantly speeds them up compared to other quantum frameworks. The achieved accuracy was approximately 90% for faces on which the network was not trained. This poster also shows examples of various VQCs along with displayed learning curves depending on the simulated depolarization error probability and learning rate.
Abstract: Deep learning algorithms have shown promising results for different image processing tasks, particularly in remote sensing & image recognition. Till now many studies have been carried out on image processing, which brings a new paradigm of innovative capabilities under the umbrella of intelligent remote sensing and computer vision. Accordingly, quantum processing algorithms have proved to efficiently solve some issues that are undetectable to classical algorithms and processors. Keeping that in mind, a Quantum Convolutional Neural Network (QCNN) architecture along with Hybrid Quantum filters would be utilized supported by cloud computing infrastructures and data centers to provide a broad range of complex AI services and high data availability. This research summaries the conventional techniques of Classical and Quantum Deep Learning and it’s research progress on realworld problems in remote sensing image processing as a comparative demonstration. Last but not least, we evaluate our system by training on Street View House Numbers datasets in order to highlight the feasibility and effectiveness of using Quantum Deep Learning approach in image recognition and other similar applications. Upcoming challenges and future research areas on this spectrum are also discussed.
When it comes to software systems that analyze face photos, gender detection is a crucial feature. This research provides a quantum machine learning-based approach for automated gender categorization from face photos utilizing a hybrid classical-quantum neural network, which is based on quantum machine learning. Using the knowledge of a pre-trained off-the-shelf Deep Neural Network (DNN)in conjunction with the transfer learning of a quantum variational circuit, an accurate binary classifier has been produced in this paper. An example of a hybrid network is the binary classifier, which is composed of a convolutional base of the Deep Neural Network (DNN) that has been compressed with a dressed quantum circuit and a dressed quantum circuit. In the classification of a publicly accessible collection of face photographs, better results than that have been previously reported have been obtained.
The integration of quantum computing principles with classical deep learning architectures has emerged as a promising direction for advancing image recognition systems beyond the limitations of purely classical convolutional neural networks (CNNs). This study proposes and analyzes a hybrid quantum–classical deep learning framework based on quanvolutional neural network (QNN) principles, where quantum circuits are embedded within convolutional feature extraction layers to enhance representation capability. The research investigates how quantum-enhanced filters, particularly quanvolutional layers, contribute to improved feature diversity, non-linear transformation capacity, and classification accuracy in image recognition tasks. Building upon established convolutional architectures and quantum machine learning theories, the proposed framework integrates quantum random circuit encoding with classical deep neural networks to evaluate performance gains in comparison to conventional CNN models. The study further incorporates theoretical insights from hybrid quantum-classical learning systems, emphasizing the role of parameterized quantum circuits in feature mapping and optimization stability. The methodology is grounded in NISQ-era quantum computing constraints and leverages hybrid optimization strategies to ensure computational feasibility. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that quanvolution-based models can provide improved robustness in feature extraction, particularly in high-dimensional image spaces, while maintaining competitive computational efficiency. However, scalability limitations and noise sensitivity in quantum circuits remain key challenges. Overall, this work contributes to the growing field of quantum-enhanced machine learning by providing a structured performance analysis of hybrid quanvolutional architectures and highlighting their potential role in next-generation intelligent visual recognition systems.