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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Tracking Non-Markovian Quantum Trajectories of a Superconducting Qubit from a Finite-Memory Bath

Noah Stevenson, Gerwin Koolstra, Karthik Siva, Ravi Naik, William P. Livingston, Shiva Lotfallahzadeh Barzili, Justin Dressel, Irfan A. Siddiqi

Published Mar 17, 2021• 0 citations
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Non-Markovian quantum-state diffusion (QSD) provides a microscopic trajectory description of open-system dynamics, but trajectories associated with a chosen initial state are not directly reusable as quantum channels. We develop a constructive framework that converts the QSD propagator into an input-independent Kraus channel for a fixed bath preparation and a selected evolution time. The construction incorporates reservoir memory through a finite-mode approximation of the bath covariance and yields a deterministic channel representation that can be compressed for approximate implementation with a system-ancilla circuit. For the qubit systems considered here, the construction closes exactly in vacuum and extends systematically to finite temperatures. Two-qubit examples with structured reservoirs validate the vacuum channel construction, illustrate its finite-temperature extension for a chosen initial state, and show that the complexity of the reservoir description can differ substantially from the ancilla space required for quantum realization. The framework therefore establishes a direct bridge from microscopic reservoir memory to reusable non-Markovian quantum simulation and provides a foundation for optimized hardware implementations and extensions to larger systems and multitime dynamics.
Accurate noise characterization is essential for scaling quantum processors toward fault-tolerant operation. Although reduced qubit dynamics are often modeled with Markovian master equations, present-day devices can exhibit memory effects generated by residual qubit-qubit couplings, structured environments, and finite bath correlation times. Here we develop a channel-resolved, Post-Markovian Master Equation model for non-Markovian noise and test it in superconducting qubits. Using idle-evolution tomography on IBM Quantum processors, we identify complementary operational signatures of non-Markovianity, including violations of CP-divisibility and revivals of distinguishability-based information-backflow measures. We further derive a closed-form spectator-ZZZZZZ model with local dissipation and show that it captures the observed transverse Bloch-vector revivals while leaving the longitudinal relaxation mode Markovian within the model. The fitted closed-form dynamics enable an analytical reconstruction of the transverse memory kernel, whose damped oscillatory structure captures the non-Markovian correction beyond the fitted Markovian baseline. Two-qubit tomography shows buildup and revivals of quantum mutual information on comparable timescales, supporting spectator-induced crosstalk as an important contributor to the observed memory effects. Our results connect operational non-Markovianity diagnostics, microscopic crosstalk modeling, and reduced memory-kernel reconstruction in a single experimental framework for superconducting quantum hardware.
The evolution of entangled decoherence of coupling superconducting qubits in non-Markovian environment is investigated in detail using concurrence function.The results show that,for coupling superconducting qubit under different entangled initial states,because of the role of memory feedback due to environmental effect,the entanglement of coupling superconducting qubits under a thermal bath always tends to zero monotonically.Further results also showed that,the sudden death of entanglement will soon occur in non-Markovian process,stronger the dissipation,faster the death of entanglement.But in Markovian process,it tends to death of entanglement slowly.