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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Advancements in superconducting cavities for 3D CQED systems

Andrew Oriani, Srivatsan Chakram, Kevin T. He, Alexander Anferov, Akash V. Dixit, David Schuster

Published Mar 17, 2021• 0 citations
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Three-dimensional microwave cavities have recently been combined with superconducting qubits in the circuit quantum electrodynamics (cQED) architecture. These cavities should have less sensitivity to dielectric and conductor losses at surfaces and interfaces, which currently limit the performance of planar resonators. We expect that significantly (>10^3) higher quality factors and longer lifetimes should be achievable for 3D structures. Motivated by this principle, we have reached internal quality factors greater than 0.5x10^9 and intrinsic lifetimes of 0.01 seconds for multiple aluminum superconducting cavity resonators at single photon energies and millikelvin temperatures. These improvements could enable long lived quantum memories with submicrosecond access times when strongly coupled to superconducting qubits.
Fast magnetic flux control is a crucial ingredient for circuit quantum electrodynamics (cQED) systems. So far, it has been a challenge to implement this technology with the high coherence 3D cQED architecture. In this paper, we control the magnetic field inside a superconducting waveguide cavity using a magnetic hose, which allows flux control of 3D transmon qubits on time scales less than 100 ns while maintaining a cavity quality factor larger than 106. The magnetic hose is designed as an effective microwave filter to not compromise the energy relaxation time of the qubit. The magnetic hose is a promising tool for fast magnetic flux control in various platforms intended for quantum information processing and quantum optics.
Universal control of bosonic degrees of freedom provides a hardware-efficient route for quantum information processing with high-dimensional systems. Bosonic circuit quantum electrodynamics (cQED), which leverages auxillary transmons to coherently control long-lived superconducting cavities, is well suited to this goal. However, such systems are traditionally operated in the dispersive regime, where the nearly degenerate cavity transitions prohibit the direct addressability of individual excitation levels of the bosonic mode and increase gate complexity. Here, we achieve direct oscillator control by dynamically accessing the resonant Jaynes-Cummings (JC) interactions, implemented with a hardware that integrates on-chip broadband magnetic flux delivery with a bosonic memory housed in a 3D superconducting cavity with lifetime exceeding 0.5 ms. We demonstrate deterministic preparation of Fock states and their superpositions within 100s of nanoseconds by directly climbing the JC ladder, and realise efficient arbitrary rotations between any pair of Fock states. Our resonant control scheme provides an analytical method for manipulating the entire Hilbert space of the bosonic mode at rates fundamentally more favourable than traditional dispersive strategies. This on-demand access to JC interactions opens a promising path toward realising robust Fock-basis qudits and harnessing the rich dynamics of high-dimensional bosonic systems for quantum information processing.