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IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference

Wireless Physical-Layer Surveillance via Proactive Eavesdropping and Alternate Jamming

Li Sun, Yong Zhang, Arnold Lee Swindlehurst

Published Mar 29, 2021• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we develop a wireless physical-layer surveillance scheme where two devices (M1and M2) work cooperatively to eavesdrop on and intervene in a suspicious transmission link from a source (S) to a destination (D). Unlike existing approaches which rely on the use of a multi-antenna fullduplex radio as the monitor, in our scheme, M1and M2are both single-antenna nodes operating in half-duplex mode. Within any odd time slot, M1sends a jamming signal to deteriorate the signal reception at D and M2eavesdrops on the transmission from S. During the next (even) slot, M1overhears the signal sent from S, and M2forwards its received signal during the previous slot to realize jamming. In this manner, the jamming signal received at M1can be perfectly removed after self-interference cancellation, and the signals from S during the two consecutive slots are jointly decoded with high reliability, thus enabling successful surveillance. On the other hand, the detection performance at D is heavily degraded due to the injection of the jamming signal, thereby preventing information leakage from S to D.

DOI
10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417411

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In this paper, we develop a wireless physical-layer surveillance scheme where two devices (M1and M2) work cooperatively to eavesdrop on and intervene in a suspicious transmission link from a source (S) to a destination (D). Unlike existing approaches which rely on the use of a multi-antenna fullduplex radio as the monitor, in our scheme, M1and M2are both single-antenna nodes operating in half-duplex mode. Within any odd time slot, M1sends a jamming signal to deteriorate the signal reception at D and M2eavesdrops on the transmission from S. During the next (even) slot, M1overhears the signal sent from S, and M2forwards its received signal during the previous slot to realize jamming. In this manner, the jamming signal received at M1can be perfectly removed after self-interference cancellation, and the signals from S during the two consecutive slots are jointly decoded with high reliability, thus enabling successful surveillance. On the other hand, the detection performance at D is heavily degraded due to the injection of the jamming signal, thereby preventing information leakage from S to D.
In this article, we develop an alternate-jamming-aided wireless physical-layer surveillance protocol where two devices (M1and M2) work cooperatively to eavesdrop on and intervene in a suspicious transmission link from a source (S) to a destination (D). Unlike existing approaches which rely on the use of a multi-antenna full-duplex radio as the monitor, in our protocol, M1and M2are both single-antenna nodes operating in half-duplex mode, which alternately perform proactive eavesdropping and jamming to mimic the behavior of a full-duplex monitor. Within any time slot, M1sends a jamming signal to deteriorate the signal reception at D and M2eavesdrops on the transmission from S. During the next slot, M1overhears the signal sent from S, and M2forwards its received signal during the previous slot to realize jamming. In this manner, the jamming signal received at M1can be perfectly removed after self-interference cancellation, and the signals from S during the two consecutive slots are jointly decoded with high reliability, thus enabling successful surveillance. On the other hand, the detection performance at D is heavily degraded due to the injection of the jamming signal, thereby preventing information leakage from S to D. The performance of the proposed protocol is analyzed in terms of the eavesdropping non-outage probability, the surveillance success probability, as well as the symbol error probability. Theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate the superiority of our design compared to competing solutions in the literature.
In this paper, we consider a wireless surveillance system, where two single-antenna legitimate devices work cooperatively to monitor a suspicious link between a source (S) and a destination (D). A rotated-jamming based proactive eavesdropping scheme is proposed. In our scheme, one device acts as a legitimate eavesdropper (E) to perform information interception while the other works as a helping jammer (J) to interfere with the suspicious link. The proposed scheme is based on the fact that the received information-bearing signal at E can be totally represented by its projection onto a specific direction u. If node J's jamming signal is adaptively rotated to be restricted in the direction orthogonal to u, the detection of S's information at E can be free-of-interference, and the legitimate eavesdropping is successfully realized. Meanwhile, since the jamming signal arrives at E and D through different channels, the orthogonality does not hold at D and the jamming signal cannot be eliminated, thereby causing an irreducible error floor at the suspicious destination. We develop a criterion of choosing the optimal direction u* such that the symbol error probability (SEP) at E can be minimized. Moreover, the performance of our scheme is analyzed in terms of SEP, relative eavesdropping rate, as well as surveillance success probability. Finally, simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
In this paper, we consider a wireless surveillance system, where two single-antenna legitimate devices work cooperatively to monitor a suspicious link between a source (S) and a destination (D). A rotated-jamming aided proactive eavesdropping scheme is proposed. In our scheme, one device acts as a legitimate eavesdropper (E) to perform information interception while the other works as a helping jammer (J) to interfere with the suspicious link. The proposed scheme is based on the fact that the received information- bearing signal at E can be totally represented by its projection onto a specific direction u. If node J's jamming signal is adaptively rotated to be restricted in the direction orthogonal to u, the detection of S's information at E can be free-of-interference, and the legitimate eavesdropping is successfully realized. Meanwhile, since the jamming signal arrives at E and D through different channels, the orthogonality does not hold at D and the jamming signal cannot be eliminated, thereby causing an irreducible error floor at the suspicious destination. We present a detailed description of the proposed scheme, and develop a criterion of choosing the optimal direction u* such that the symbol error probability (SEP) at E can be minimized. Finally, simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
This paper considers wireless information surveillance systems, in which one suspicious communication link is intercepted by a legitimate monitor to prevent possible criminal or terrorist attacks from the link. To enhance the information surveillance performance, a novel proactive eavesdropping mechanism is proposed with the help of a cooperative relay. It is assumed that the relay operates in full-duplex (FD) mode to assist monitor for information relaying and jamming transmission simultaneously. Based on the proposed mechanism, the joint relay beamforming and power allocation scheme is further proposed and the closed form optimal solutions are derived. Simulation results show that the proposed proactive eavesdropping mechanism can achieve better surveillance performance than both proactive eavesdropping schemes without the help of cooperative relay and cooperative surveillance with pure information forwarding. Simulation results also reveal that the proposed power allocation scheme boosts surveillance performance significantly compared with those equal power allocation scheme.
Wireless information surveillance, by which suspicious wireless communications are closely monitored by legitimate agencies, is an integral part of national security. To enhance the information surveillance capability, we propose in this paper a new proactive eavesdropping approach via a spoofing relay, where the legitimate monitor operates in a full-duplex manner with simultaneous eavesdropping and spoofing relaying to vary the source transmission rate in favor of the eavesdropping performance. To this end, a power splitting receiver is proposed, where the signal received at each antenna of the legitimate monitor is split into two parts for information eavesdropping and spoofing relaying, respectively. We formulate an optimization problem to maximize the achievable eavesdropping rate by jointly optimizing the power splitting ratios and relay precoding matrix at the multiantenna monitor. Depending on the suspicious and eavesdropping channel conditions, the optimal solution corresponds to three possible spoofing relay strategies, namely constructive relaying, jamming, and simultaneous jamming and destructive relaying. Numerical results show that the proposed technique significantly improves the eavesdropping rate of the legitimate monitor as compared to the existing passive eavesdropping and jamming-assisted eavesdropping schemes.
Wireless surveillance is becoming increasingly important to protect the public security by legitimately eavesdropping suspicious wireless communications. This paper studies the wireless surveillance of a two-hop suspicious communication link by a half-duplex legitimate monitor. By exploring the suspicious link's two-hop nature, the monitor can adaptively choose among the following three eavesdropping modes to improve the eavesdropping performance: (I) \emph{passive eavesdropping} to intercept both hops to decode the message collectively, (II) \emph{proactive eavesdropping} via {\emph{noise jamming}} over the first hop, and (III) \emph{proactive eavesdropping} via {\emph{hybrid jamming}} over the second hop. In both proactive eavesdropping modes, the (noise/hybrid) jamming over one hop is for the purpose of reducing the end-to-end communication rate of the suspicious link and accordingly making the interception more easily over the other hop. Under this setup, we maximize the eavesdropping rate at the monitor by jointly optimizing the eavesdropping mode selection as well as the transmit power for noise and hybrid jamming. Numerical results show that the eavesdropping mode selection significantly improves the eavesdropping rate as compared to each individual eavesdropping mode.