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Optics and Spectroscopy

Kinetics and spectroscopy of the ground state of atoms during coherent trapping of populations

M. B. Gornyi, Boris G. Matisov

Published May 1, 1989• 1 citation
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It is often desirable in laser spectroscopy and isotope separation to extract as much as possible of an atomic or molecular population that is distributed among a number of ground-state sublevels and low-lying metastable levels. We describe a form of coherent trapping that occurs when multiple resonant laser beams are used to couple the various ground states to a common upper level. This effect prevents the extraction of the entire population. We then study the effect with two dye lasers and an atomic beam and suggest possible ways to maximize the pumping efficiency.
We propose a scheme to achieve one-dimensional velocity-selective coherent population trapping in a five-level system under two-frequency laser excitation. It may be applied to either D line of alkali-metal atoms. The trapped state is a time-dependent superposition of three sublevels from two different hyperfine ground states. Stable trapping may be produced by correctly detuning the laser beams to compensate for different hyperfine and kinetic energies of these ground states. We present numerical results for a five-level model, as well as for the complete level systems appropriate for alkali-metal atoms.
We investigate the dephasing of ultra cold 85Rb atoms trapped in an optical dipole trap and prepared in a coherent superposition of their two hyperfine ground states by interaction with a microwave pulse. We demonstrate that the dephasing, measured as the Ramsey fringe contrast, can be reversed by stimulating a coherence echo with a pi pulse between the two pi / 2 pulses, in analogy to the photon echo. We also demonstrate that "echo spectroscopy" can be used to study the quantum dynamics in the trap even when more than 10(6) states are thermally populated and to study the crossover from quantum to classical dynamics.