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IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications

Secrecy Analysis of UAV-Based mmWave Relaying Networks

Xiaowei Pang, Mingqian Liu, Nan Zhao, Yunfei Chen, Yonghui Li, Fei Richard Yu

Published Mar 17, 2021• 45 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Employing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in millimeter-wave (mmWave) networks as relays has emerged as an appealing solution to assist remote or blocked communication nodes. In this case, the network security becomes a great challenge due to the presence of malicious eavesdroppers. In this paper, we perform a secrecy analysis for a UAV-based mmWave relaying network. We first investigate the relaying scheme without jamming where the UAV decodes and forwards the information from the source to the destination with malicious eavesdropping. Furthermore, to enhance the secrecy performance, we propose a cooperative jamming scheme via utilizing the destination and an external UAV to cooperatively disrupt the eavesdroppers at the two stages of relaying, respectively. Using the probability of line-of-sight (LoS) between the UAV and ground nodes, the three-dimensional (3D) antenna gain, and the Nakagami-m small-scale fading model, the secrecy outage probability (SOP) of the two schemes with and without jamming is analyzed. Closed-form expressions for the SOP of the two schemes are obtained by employing the Gauss-Chebyshev quadrature. Simulation results are presented to validate the theoretical expressions of SOP and to show the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.

DOI
10.1109/twc.2021.3064365

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Employing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in millimeter-wave (mmWave) networks as relays has emerged as an appealing solution to assist remote or blocked communication nodes. In this case, the network security becomes a great challenge due to the presence of malicious eavesdroppers. In this paper, we perform a secrecy analysis for a UAV-based mmWave relaying network. We first investigate the relaying scheme without jamming where the UAV decodes and forwards the information from the source to the destination with malicious eavesdropping. Furthermore, to enhance the secrecy performance, we propose a cooperative jamming scheme via utilizing the destination and an external UAV to cooperatively disrupt the eavesdroppers at the two stages of relaying, respectively. Using the probability of line-of-sight (LoS) between the UAV and ground nodes, the three-dimensional (3D) antenna gain, and the Nakagami-m small-scale fading model, the secrecy outage probability (SOP) of the two schemes with and without jamming is analyzed. Closed-form expressions for the SOP of the two schemes are obtained by employing the Gauss-Chebyshev quadrature. Simulation results are presented to validate the theoretical expressions of SOP and to show the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been used in millimeter-wave (mmWave) networks as relays to assist remote or blocked communication nodes. In this paper, we perform secrecy analysis for UAV-based mmWave relaying networks, where a cooperative jamming scheme is proposed via utilizing the destination and an external UAV to cooperatively disrupt the eavesdroppers at the two stages of relaying, respectively. Considering the probability of line-of-sight (LoS) between the UAV and ground nodes, the three-dimensional (3D) antenna gain, and the Nakagami-m small-scale fading model, closed-form SOP of the network is obtained by employing the Gauss-Chebyshev quadrature. Simulation results are presented to validate the theoretical expressions of SOP and to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
In this article, we study the secrecy performance of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted relay communication system, where a ground base station (GBS) intends to send confidential information to the ground legitimate user Bob with the help of a UAV relay in the presence of multiple aerial and ground eavesdroppers. We consider the height-dependent probabilistic line-of-sight and the generalκ\kappaκ-μ\muμshadowed channel fading model in the system. To enhance the secrecy performance, the GBS and UAV relay apply directional beamforming transmission while implementing protection zones around their intended receiving destinations. We then derive the approximate closed-form expressions of the secrecy outage probability (SOP) under different aerial and ground eavesdropperscolluding strategies. To get insights, we also obtain the SOP expression over Rayleigh fading as a special case. After discussing the impacts of transmitting and multiple aerial and ground eavesdropping parameters on the SOP, we show that the optimal altitude of UAV relay exists with the minimal SOP value under different urban environments. We also show that UAV eavesdroppers have a larger effect on the system performance than ground eavesdroppers.
Abstract In this research work, we study the secrecy performance of Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the vicinity of an interfering and eavesdropping UAVs. More precisely, firstly a case when the ground user communicates with the intended UAV where two unwanted UAVs operate in the vicinity, has been investigated. It is also considered that the wiretapping UAV also suffers interference from different UAV. The modelling of the UAV communication system considers the impact of small-scale fading, line-of-sight (LoS) probability, altitude and 3D coordinate of all the three involved UAVs. To this end, analytical expression has been derived for the secrecy outage probability (SOP) for the system considering simultaneous effects of eavesdropping and interference. The analysis for secrecy capacity has also been conducted to derive analytical formula. The results are extended to a case when multiple interfering and eavesdropping UAVs function to derive the expression for the SOP. Importantly, the numerical simulation of the derived results show that the effect of eavesdropper can be minimized by placing an interferer in the vicinity of the wiretap source. Moreover, the impact of power transmitted during wiretapping by the eavesdropper appears to be more compared to distance from intended UAV.
In this study, we investigate the secrecy outage performance achieved by opportunistic relaying for a low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarm secure communication system in the presence of multiple UAV-eavesdroppers. In the primary channel, multiple UAV-transmitters are connected to a ground station via the ground-to-air (G2A) wireless backhaul and a UAV-transmitter and UAV-relay are selected to transmit the source signal to a far ground destination under air-to-air and air-to-ground Nakagami-m fading links. In the eavesdropping channel, maximum ratio combining is applied across multiple UAV-eavesdroppers for intercepting the legitimate transmissions from both the selected UAV-transmitter and UAV-relay. The backhaul reliability and eavesdropping probability are introduced to reflect the practical constraints on the G2A wireless backhaul and UAV-eavesdropper cooperation, respectively. The closed-form expression for the secrecy outage probability is derived in terms of the UAV cooperation, backhaul reliability, eavesdropping probability, and Nakagami-m fading parameters. In the high signal-to-noise ratio region, the asymptotic secrecy outage probability is also derived. It is shown that the secrecy diversity gain achieved by opportunistic relaying is jointly determined by the UAV cooperation and shape factors of Nakagami-m fading links in the primary channel. The analytical secrecy outage metrics achieved by opportunistic relaying are verified by Monte Carlo simulation results.
In this work, we analyze the secrecy outage probability of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-aided selective relaying networks with M UAV-transmitters (UTs), N UAV-relays(URs), and K collaborative UAV-eavesdroppers (UEs). In the main channel, the best UT-UR pair is selected to transmit the source message to the destination, while unreliable ground-to-air (G2A) wireless backhaul across multiple UTs is considered. In the eavesdropper channel, the UEs intelligently exchange the information received form the UTs and URs, while eavesdropping probability among UEs is considered. Due to non-ideal line of sight transmission, network congestion, and synchronization, we introduce backhaul reliability to reflect the practical constraint on G2A wireless backhaul. To reflect UEs' synchronization to the main channel and their consumed communication resources for inner-information exchange, we introduce eavesdropping probability to describe the cost of UE collaboration. The exact secrecy outage probability is presented in a closed form. It is shown that the asymptotic secrecy outage probability is exclusively determined by M, N, and backhaul reliability. Simulation results verify the accuracy of the analytical expressions.
In this paper, the secrecy performance of the spatial modeling for ground devices with randomly placed eavesdroppers when an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) acted as two hops decode and forward (DF) was investigated. We characterize the secrecy outage probability (SOP) and intercept probability (IP) expressions. Our capacity performance analysis is based on the Rayleigh fading distributions. After analytical results by Monte Carlo simulation, and the Gauss-Chebyshev parameter was selected to yield a close approximation, the results demonstrate the SOP with the average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) between UAV and ground users among the eavesdroppers and the IP relationship with the ability to intercept the information of the ground users successfully.