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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Polarization asymmetry of the dark-resonance frequency dependence on the magnetic field

Eugene A. Tsygankov, Maria I. Vaskovskaya, Dmitry S. Chuchelov, Sergei A. Zibrov, Vitali V. Vassiliev, Vladimir L Velichansky, Valery P. Yakovlev

Published Apr 9, 2021• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate the possibility of suppressing the linear response of the coherent population trapping resonance frequency to variations in the external magnetic field. The suppression can be achieved at a specific value of the clock magnetic field B due to the competition between the frequency pulling by neighboring resonances and the quadratic Zeeman shift. The effect is possible only with certain combinations of the optical field polarization and the direction of the magnetic field. An incorrect field configuration can significantly increase the magnetic-induced frequency shifts.

DOI
10.1364/josab.418941

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We demonstrate the possibility of suppressing the linear response of the coherent population trapping resonance frequency to variations in the external magnetic field. The suppression can be achieved at a specific value of the clock magnetic field B due to the competition between the frequency pulling by neighboring resonances and the quadratic Zeeman shift. The effect is possible only with certain combinations of the optical field polarization and the direction of the magnetic field. An incorrect field configuration can significantly increase the magnetic-induced frequency shifts.
We investigate the coherent population trapping resonance induced by a polychromatic optical field with an asymmetric spectrum, i.e., whose sidebands equidistant from the carrier have unequal powers. A situation is considered where a modulation is used to provide the so-called in-phase and quadrature signals in the optical field's transmission, which are used for stabilization of the local oscillator's frequency in chip-scale atomic clocks. In a general case, the frequencies of the signals nonlinearly depend on the optical field's intensity due to the asymmetry of the resonance. In this work, we demonstrate a) that this effect stems from a multi-peak structure of the resonance; b) a linear dependence of the frequency on the optical field's intensity at high modulation values; c) that the regime of the resolved structure has more advantages than suppression of the frequency shift due to the spectrum asymmetry.
We demonstrate a suppression of the light shift in a Coherent-Population-Trapping (CPT) atomic magnetometer by using linearly polarized light and a differential measurement between magnetic resonances. The radio frequency that creates the optical sidebands for CPT quickly switches between two magnetic sensitive transitions, and the magnetic field is extrapolated from the difference of the center frequencies of the magnetic resonances. Light shifts and common drifts like collisional shifts can be suppressed through careful choice of measured resonances, and we show the light shift reduction by more than a factor of 20 compared to excitation with circularly-polarized light. Various limitations of the method are discussed.
We theoretically study the frequency shift in atomic clocks caused by the line-shape asymmetry of coherent population trapping (CPT) resonance in a bichromatic laser field. This asymmetry arises due to the inequality of the resonant spectral components and nonzero one-photon detuning. The line-shape-asymmetry-induced shift depends on the intensity of the resonant fields, which leads to a degradation in long-term stability due to fluctuations of the laser field parameters. A frequency stabilization based on the harmonic modulation of two-photon detuning is considered. It is shown that the use of a high-frequency modulation (compared to the CPT resonance width, i.e., the Pound-Drever-Hall regime) makes it possible to significantly suppress this shift (by one to two orders of magnitude).
We investigate the magnetic-field-induced frequency shift (MFS) of the clock “0–0” transition in the microwave quantum frequency standard (atomic clock) based on coherent population trapping (CPT) in 87Rb vapor. To scan the CPT resonance and to form the error signal, a method analogous to the Pound–Drever–Hall (PDH) technique in the optical frequency range is employed, where the modulating frequency (fm) significantly exceeds the resonance linewidth (FWHM). The experiments demonstrate that this technique offers brilliant capabilities for controlling the sensitivity of the clock transition frequency to magnetic field variations in the vapor cell compared to the conventional method with low-frequency modulation (fm≪FWHM). Specifically, the PDH technique provides several optimal values of the bias magnetic field generated by the solenoid, at which the “0–0” transition frequency exhibits extremely low sensitivity to small variations in the external magnetic field. Furthermore, these magnetic field values can be easily adjusted by changing fm, which is relevant for the optimization of the atomic clock’s operating regime. The experimental results show that by using the PDH technique, the influence of MFS on the clock transition can be suppressed down to ≈3.2×10−13δB2mG−2. These findings can be leveraged both to relax stringent requirements for magnetic field shielding in state-of-the-art CPT-based miniature atomic clocks and to build a new generation of such clocks with long-term frequency stability better than 10−12.
We have found that the error-signal frequency corresponding to the coherent population trapping resonance can be displaced from that of "0−00-00−0" transition unperturbed by the optical field, although the frequency is not sensitive to changes in its intensity. We consider the double ΛΛΛ-system of levels interacting with the asymmetric polychromatic optical field to demonstrate that this effect arises due to intensity nonlinearity of the error-signal frequency shift. The experiment with 87^{87}87Rb atoms in Ar-N2_22​ buffer gas atomic cell shows how the displacement value depends on different parameters. The possible influence of the effect on the clocks' frequency stability and reproducibility are discussed.