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IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking

Physical-Layer Security on Maximal Ratio Combining for SIMO Cognitive Radio Networks Over Cascaded κ-μ Fading Channels

Deemah H. Tashman, Walaa Hamouda

Published Apr 21, 2021• 37 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper investigates the physical-layer security (PLS) of a single-input-multiple-output (SIMO) underlay cognitive radio network (CRN) over cascaded$\kappa $-$\mu $fading channels. A secondary user (SU) transmitter communicates with a secondary user receiver over cascaded$\kappa $-$\mu $channels. Moreover, an eavesdropper residing in the SUs transmission’s range would be capable of intercepting the SUs’ transmission. The SU destination and the eavesdropper are both assumed to be equipped with multiple antennas. Both of the receivers adopt maximal-ratio combining (MRC) over the multiple copies of the signal. In an underlay CRN, the SU transmitter should keep adjusting the transmission power to ensure not to disturb the primary users’ (PUs) transmission. PLS is analyzed in terms of the secrecy outage probability (SOP) and the probability of non-zero secrecy capacity$(P_{nz})$. Results indicate the evident effect of the cascade level and the number of antennas at the eavesdropper over the secrecy of the SUs pair. In addition, results reveal that PLS can be strengthened by increasing the number of antennas at the legitimate receiver. The impact of the interference level tolerable by the PU receiver over SUs’ secrecy is also analyzed. Monte-Carlo simulations and analytical results are presented to assess the system performance.

DOI
10.1109/tccn.2021.3074178

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This paper investigates the physical-layer security (PLS) of a single-input-multiple-output (SIMO) underlay cognitive radio network (CRN) over cascadedκ\kappa κ-μ\mu μfading channels. A secondary user (SU) transmitter communicates with a secondary user receiver over cascadedκ\kappa κ-μ\mu μchannels. Moreover, an eavesdropper residing in the SUs transmission’s range would be capable of intercepting the SUs’ transmission. The SU destination and the eavesdropper are both assumed to be equipped with multiple antennas. Both of the receivers adopt maximal-ratio combining (MRC) over the multiple copies of the signal. In an underlay CRN, the SU transmitter should keep adjusting the transmission power to ensure not to disturb the primary users’ (PUs) transmission. PLS is analyzed in terms of the secrecy outage probability (SOP) and the probability of non-zero secrecy capacity(Pnz)(P_{nz})(Pnz​). Results indicate the evident effect of the cascade level and the number of antennas at the eavesdropper over the secrecy of the SUs pair. In addition, results reveal that PLS can be strengthened by increasing the number of antennas at the legitimate receiver. The impact of the interference level tolerable by the PU receiver over SUs’ secrecy is also analyzed. Monte-Carlo simulations and analytical results are presented to assess the system performance.
In this paper, physical-layer security (PLS) for an underlay cognitive radio network (CRN) over cascaded Rayleigh fading channels is studied. The underlying cognitive radio system consists of a secondary source transmitting to a destination over a cascaded Rayleigh fading channel. An eavesdropper is attempting to intercept the confidential information of the secondary users (SUs) pair. The secrecy is studied in terms of three main security metrics, which are the secrecy outage probability (SOP), the probability of non-zero secrecy capacity (Prnzc), and the intercept probability (Pint). The effects of the path loss and the variation of the distances from the SU transmitter over the secrecy are also analyzed. Results reveal the great effect of the cascade level over the system secrecy. In addition, the effect of varying the interference threshold that the PU receiver can tolerate over the secrecy of the SUs pair is studied. The effect of the channel model parameters of both the main and the wiretap channels is investigated using both simulation and analytical results.
In this paper, we investigate the secrecy outage performance of maximal ratio combining (MRC) in cognitive radio networks (CRNs) over Rayleigh fading channels. In a single input multiple output wiretap system, we consider a secondary user SU-TX transmits confidential messages to another secondary user SU-RX equipped with K (K>1) antennas while MRC technique is adopted to improve its received signal-to-noise ratio. Meanwhile, an eavesdropper exists to overhear the information between SU-TX and SU-RX. SU-TX adopts the underlay strategy to meet the quality of service of the primary user without spectrum sensing. In this paper, we derive the closed-form expressions for the secrecy outage probability and the probability of nonzero secrecy capacity of MRC scheme in CRNs over Rayleigh fading channels. Simulations are conducted to validate the accuracy of our proposed analytical models.
Physical-layer security (PLS) for an underlay cognitive radio network (CRN)-based simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) over cascaded κ-µ fading channels is investigated. The network is composed of a pair of secondary users (SUs), a primary user (PU) receiver, and an eavesdropper attempting to intercept the data shared by the SUs. To improve the SUs’ data transmission security, we assume a full-duplex (FD) SU destination, which employs energy harvesting (EH) to extract the power required for generating jamming signals to be emitted to confound the eavesdropper. Two scenarios are presented and compared; harvesting and non-harvesting eavesdropper. Moreover, a trade-off between the system’s secrecy and reliability is explored. PLS is studied in terms of the probability of non-zero secrecy capacity and the intercept probability, whereas the reliability is studied in terms of the outage probability. Results reveal the great impact of jamming over the improvement of the SUs’ secrecy. Additionally, our work indicates that studying the system’s secrecy over cascaded channels has an influence on the system’s PLS that cannot be neglected.
We investigate the secrecy outage performance of maximal ratio combining (MRC) in cognitive radio networks over Rayleigh fading channels. In a single-input multiple-output wiretap system, we consider a secondary user (SU-TX) that transmits confidential messages to another secondary user (SU-RX) equipped with M ( M ≥ 1) antennas where the MRC technique is adopted to improve its received signal-to-noise ratio. Meanwhile, an eavesdropper equipped with N ( N ≥ 1) antennas adopts the MRC scheme to overhear the information between SU-TX and SU-RX. SU-TX adopts the underlay strategy to guarantee the service quality of the primary user without spectrum sensing. We derive the closed-form expressions for an exact and asymptotic secrecy outage probability.
This paper investigates the secrecy performance of a single-input multiple-output (SIMO) based underlay cognitive radio networks. In particular, a single-antenna secondary transmitter transmits its secret message to a multi-antenna equipped secondary node in the presence of a multi-antenna equipped passive eavesdropper under a peak interference constraint at the single-antenna primary receiver. We proficiently derive the expressions for secrecy outage probability (SOP), intercept probability, and ergodic secrecy capacity (ESC) for the considered system over$\alpha -\mu fadingchannels.Further,wecarryouttheasymptoticanalysisofSOPandinterceptprobabilityundertwocasesofinterest;1)whentheaveragesignal−to−noiseratio(SNR)ofthemainlink,i.e.,betweenthesecondarysourceandsecondarydestination,goestoinfinitywithafixedaverageSNRofwiretaplinkbetweenthesecondarysourceandsecondaryeavesdropper,and2)whentheSNRsofboththemainandwiretaplinkstendtoinfinity.Wecaninferthatasecrecydiversityorderoffading channels. Further, we carry out the asymptotic analysis of SOP and intercept probability under two cases of interest; 1) when the average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the main link, i.e., between the secondary source and secondary destination, goes to infinity with a fixed average SNR of wiretap link between the secondary source and secondary eavesdropper, and 2) when the SNRs of both the main and wiretap links tend to infinity. We can infer that a secrecy diversity order offadingchannels.Further,wecarryouttheasymptoticanalysisofSOPandinterceptprobabilityundertwocasesofinterest;1)whentheaveragesignal−to−noiseratio(SNR)ofthemainlink,i.e.,betweenthesecondarysourceandsecondarydestination,goestoinfinitywithafixedaverageSNRofwiretaplinkbetweenthesecondarysourceandsecondaryeavesdropper,and2)whentheSNRsofboththemainandwiretaplinkstendtoinfinity.Wecaninferthatasecrecydiversityorderof\frac {\alpha _{D}N_{D}\mu _{D}}{2}canbeachievedundercase1,wherecan be achieved under case 1, wherecanbeachievedundercase1,where\alpha _{D}andandand\mu _{D}arethemainlinkfadingparameters,andare the main link fading parameters, andarethemainlinkfadingparameters,andN_{D}$denotes the number of antennas at the destination. Whereas, under case 2, the system’s secrecy diversity order becomes zero. Moreover, we also present some interesting findings for the ESC when the interference constrained secondary transmitter power is considerably high. Further, we validate our analytical framework through extensive simulation and numerical results, and demonstrate the effects of system/channel parameters on the secrecy performance of the considered system. Our results reveal that the higher number of eavesdropper antennas can have a more deleterious impact on the system’s secrecy performance.
In this paper, the physical layer security of a dual-hop underlay uplink cognitive radio network is investigated over Nakagami-m fading channels. Specifically, multiple secondary sources are taking turns in accessing the licensed spectrum of the primary users and communicating with a multiantenna secondary base station D through the aid of a multiantenna relay R in the presence of M eavesdroppers that are also equipped with multiple antennas. Among the remaining nodes, one jammer is randomly selected to transmit an artificial noise to disrupt all the eavesdroppers that are attempting to intercept the communication of the legitimate links i.e., S-R and R-D. The received signals at each node are combined using maximal-ratio combining. Secrecy analysis is provided by deriving closed-form and asymptotic expressions for the secrecy outage probability. The impact of several key parameters on the system's secrecy e.g., transmit power of the sources, number of eavesdroppers, maximum tolerated interference power, and the number of diversity branches is investigated. Importantly, by considering two scenarios, namely (i) absence and (ii) presence of a friendly jammer, new insights are obtained for the considered communication system. Especially, we tend to answer to the following question: Can better secrecy be achieved without jamming by considering a single antenna at eavesdroppers and multiple-ones at the legitimate users (i.e., relay and end-user) rather than sending permanently an artificial noise and considering that both the relay and the destination are equipped with a single antenna, while multiple antennas are used by the eavesdroppers? The obtained results are corroborated through Monte Carlo simulation and show that the system's security can be enhanced by adjusting the aforementioned parameters.