Analytical solutions for the spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate in a harmonic trap

Guangxi Hu, Jiping Ye, Xian Xi Dai +1 more

Shi-Jie Yang, Zhihai Zhang

Yu-Ren Shi, Xue-Ling Wang, Guanghui Wang +3 more

The homotopy analysis method and Galerkin spectral method are applied to find the analytical solutions for the Gross-Pitaevskii equations, a set of nonlinear Schrödinger equation used in simulation of spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates trapped in a harmonic potential. We investigate the one-dimensional case and get the approximate analytical solutions successfully. Comparisons between the analytical solutions and the numerical solutions have been made. The results indicate that they are in agreement well with each other when the atomic interaction is weakly. We also find a class of exact solutions for the stationary states of the spin-1 system with harmonic potential for a special case.

Ze Cheng

Within the framework of quantum statistical mechanics, we have proposed an analytical solution to the problem of Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) in harmonically trapped, one-dimensional and ideal atoms. It is found that the number of atoms of vapor is characterized by an analytical function, which involves a q -digamma function in mathematics. The results of the numerical calculation of the analytical solution agree completely with the previous experimental results in the BEC of harmonically trapped, one-dimensional and ideal atoms. The analytical expressions of the critical temperature and the condensate fraction are derived in the thermodynamic limit.

Ze Cheng

Abstract Within the framework of quantum statistical mechanics, we have proposed an analytical solution to the problem of Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) of harmonically trapped, two-dimensional, and ideal atoms. It is found that the number of atoms in vapor is characterized by an analytical function, which involves a series of q -digamma functions in mathematics. The results of numerical calculation of the analytical solution agree completely with the foregoing experimental results in the BEC of harmonically trapped, two-dimensional, and ideal atoms. The analytical expressions of the critical temperature and the condensate fraction are derived in the thermodynamic limit. It is found that the two-dimensional critical temperature is smaller than the one-dimensional critical temperature by an order of magnitude or more.

Siegfried Großmann, Martin Holthaus