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理论物理通讯：英文版

The Second Law of Thermodynamics in a Quantum Heat Engine Model

Zhang, Ting, Cai, Lifeng, Chen, Ping-Xing, Li, Cheng-Zu

Published Jan 1, 2006• 3 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

热力学的第二条法律被许多事实在古典世界上证明了。在量世界上有它的任何新性质吗？在这篇论文，我们为量热引擎(QHE ) 在 T.D Kieu 的模型计算熵的变化并且证明热力学的第二条法律的宽广有效性。量热引擎的熵也不在一个整个周期减少，这被显示出，也不在周期的任何一个舞台减少。热力学的第二条法律仍然控制这个 QHE 模型。而且尽管修改的量热引擎能够提取，更多工作，它的效率根本不改善。它不是在 T.D Kieu 的起始的模型的效率以外的任何一个，比可逆 Carnot 效率也不大。

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The Second Law of Thermodynamics in a Quantum Heat Engine Model

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The second law of thermodynamics has been proven by many facts in classical world. Is there any new property of it in quantum world? In this paper, we calculate the change of entropy in T.D. Kieu's model for quantum heat engine (QHE) and prove the broad validity of the second law of thermodynamics. It is shown that the entropy of the quantum heat engine neither decreases in a whole cycle, nor decreases in either stage of the cycle. The second law of thermodynamics still holds in this QHE model. Moreover, although the modified quantum heat engine is capable of extracting more work, its efficiency does not improve at all. It is neither beyond the efficiency of T.D. Kieu's initial model, nor greater than the reversible Carnot efficiency.

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热力学的第二条法律被许多事实在古典世界上证明了。在量世界上有它的任何新性质吗？在这篇论文，我们为量热引擎(QHE ) 在 T.D Kieu 的模型计算熵的变化并且证明热力学的第二条法律的宽广有效性。量热引擎的熵也不在一个整个周期减少，这被显示出，也不在周期的任何一个舞台减少。热力学的第二条法律仍然控制这个 QHE 模型。而且尽管修改的量热引擎能够提取，更多工作，它的效率根本不改善。它不是在 T.D Kieu 的起始的模型的效率以外的任何一个，比可逆 Carnot 效率也不大。
量子技术的最新进展催生了量子热力学这一领域，其目标是为远离平衡态的量子系统重新定义热力学概念并重构热力学定律。在理论层面，它使十九世纪的热力学现代化并拓展到量子领域。在实际应用层面，它使得设计和优化超越经典极限的能源器件成为可能。在本文中，我们简要回顾如何在量子力学的框架内定义功、热、熵等热力学函数以及它们所服从的非平衡涨落定理。在此基础上，我们进一步介绍量子热化、量子热机与量子电池的基本概念以及最新的研究进展。
The second law of thermodynamics has been proven by many facts in classical world. Is there any new property of it in quantum world? In this paper, we calculate the change of entropy in T.D. Kieu's model for quantum heat engine (QHE) and prove the broad validity of the second law of thermodynamics. It is shown that the entropy of the quantum heat engine neither decreases in a whole cycle, nor decreases in either stage of the cycle. The second law of thermodynamics still holds in this QHE model. Moreover, although the modified quantum heat engine is capable of extracting more work, its efficiency does not improve at all. It is neither beyond the efficiency of T.D. Kieu's initial model, nor greater than the reversible Carnot efficiency.
We construct an entangled quantum heat engine based on two-coupled-qubit XXZ model with Dzyaloshinski-Mariya interaction. The work done and the heat transfer are discussed according to the definition first given by Kieu, The relations between the entanglement and heat transfer, work output and efficiency are analyzed for different anisotropic parameters. The results show that the second law of thermodynamics holds in entangled systems and the isolines for the efficiency are looped curves. When the anisotropic parameter Δ is small enough, the heat engine can operate in both C1 > C2 and C1C2, however, when Δ is large, the heat engine operates in C1 > C2 only.