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A compact low noise high power phase-locked laser system for atom interferometry

Ki-Se Lee, Sang-Bum Lee, Sang Eon Park, Taeg Yong Kwon, Jaewan Kim

Published Aug 1, 2011• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Low noise phase-locked lasers are essential for atom interferometry. A compact phase-locked laser system of low noise and high power is built by using a single laser diode and a single tapered amplifier chip. The light is modulated by an electro-optic modulator and the carrier mode is removed by a Febry-Perot cavity leaving the two sidebands of opposite phase to be used for the Raman transition.

DOI
10.1109/iqec-cleo.2011.6194135

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Low noise phase-locked lasers are essential for atom interferometry. A compact phase-locked laser system of low noise and high power is built by using a single laser diode and a single tapered amplifier chip. The light is modulated by an electro-optic modulator and the carrier mode is removed by a Febry-Perot cavity leaving the two sidebands of opposite phase to be used for the Raman transition.
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A new robust laser system for mobile atom interferometers is reported. Phase modulation of a single diode laser provide two phase-coherent frequencies necessary for the Raman transition in light-pulse atom interferometers. Additional laser frequencies generated by the phase modulation, which would disturb the phase of atom interferometers, is filtered by a Fabry-Perot cavity. The two sidebands of the phase-modulated light is tuned to the adjacent resonances of the cavity and the carrier mode and even-order higher sidebands are filtered. The laser beam is then fed to a single tapered amplifier, and the two sidebands are both amplified without mode competition. The phase noise is lower than that of a state-of-the-art optically phase-locked external-cavity diode laser (-135 dBrad2/Hz at 10 kHz). This technique can be used in all-fiber-based laser systems for future mobile atom interferometers. The laser system has advantage of low phase noise, high mechanical stability, low power consumption and compactness.
We investigate the influence of fast frequency fluctuations of an interrogation laser on the obtainable signal-to-noise ratio in Ramsey-Bordé atom interferometers. It is shown that the excessive high-frequency noise of diode lasers can degrade the signal-to-noise ratio significantly in an atom interferometer. To overcome these limitations, we have devised a low-noise light source by frequency filtering a diode laser in a high-finesse cavity and further amplifying the transmitted power by injection locking a solitary laser diode. When this laser source was used for atom interferometry with laser-cooled calcium atoms, the signal-to-noise ratio could be improved further by a factor of 3.5 compared with the use of the unfiltered 1 Hz linewidth laser source.
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We produced two Raman-laser beams with a frequency offset of 6.834GHz by injection-locking of a master diode-laser to a slave diode-laser. The master laser was phase-modulated at 6.834 GHz with an Electro-Optic Modulator and then injected into the slave laser that was oscillating around one of the side-bands. The relative linewidth of the two lasers was less than 1 Hz. Utilizing these laser beams, we realized the coherent manipulation of atomic wave packets in a Mach-Zehnder type atom interferometry.