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Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

The quantum noise limits to simultaneous intensity and frequency stabilization of solid-state lasers

Elanor H. Huntington, C. C. Harb, M. Heurs, Timothy C. Ralph

Published May 1, 2007• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We incorporate the coupling between pump intensity and laser frequency noise into a quantum mechanical model for a solid-state laser. A frequency feedback loop can reduce laser intensity noise to below the quantum noise limit.
DOI
10.1109/qels.2007.4431466

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A quantum mechanical model is formulated to describe the coupling between pump intensity noise and laser frequency noise in a solid-state laser. The model allows us to investigate the limiting effects of closed-loop stabilization schemes that utilize this coupling. Two schemes are considered: active control of the quadrature phase noise of the laser and active control of the amplitude noise of the laser. We show that the noise of the laser in the actively stabilized quadrature is ultimately limited by the vacuum noise introduced by the feedback beamsplitter in both schemes. In the case of active control of the quadrature phase noise, the noise is also limited by the intensity noise floor of the detection scheme. We also show that some sources of noise in the passively stabilized quadrature can be suppressed and that it is possible to achieve simultaneous quadrature amplitude and phase stabilization of a solid-state laser. However, the quantum mechanically driven noise in the passively stabilized quadrature cannot be suppressed. While this poses the ultimate limit to the noise in the passively stabilized quadrature, we show that it is experimentally feasible to observe squeezing directly generated by a solid-state laser using this technique.
A fully quantum-mechanical model of feedback to the pump source of a four-level laser is developed with a view to predicting the achievable intensity noise reduction. For solid-state lasers, the model shows that quantum noise sources due to laser dynamics have a significant impact on the optimization of the feedback loop. Experimental results obtained with a diode pumped neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser are found to be in good agreement with the theoretical model. The ultimate limit to the noise suppression comes from the quantum noise due to the measurement processes in the feedback loop. A scheme to overcome this limit using a squeezed vacuum is theoretically demonstrated to be a highly efficient method of generating bright intensity squeezed light, particularly in the kHz regime where bright squeezing is otherwise difficult to obtain.