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物理学前沿:英文版

Preserving qubit coherence by dynamical decoupling

Wen Wen, Yang, Zhenyu, Wang, Ren-Bao, Liu .

Published Jan 1, 2011• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

在量信息处理,在吵闹的环境保护 qubits 的连贯是重要的。动态去耦(DD ) 它使用一个序列在 qubits 上扭动并且平均联合到零的 qubit 环境,是有另外的需要的功能的有希望的策略兼容机,例如量门。这里,我们在动态去耦和试验性的示范的理论考察最近的进步。我们由于联合到吵闹的环境给半古典作品和对 qubit 的量描述 decoherence。基于量图画, DD 的几何解释被介绍。周期的 Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill DD 和并置的 DD 被考察,由最近发达的 Uhrig DD 的详细探索列在后面,它采用脉搏的最少的数字在一不相等地压制联合到进化时间的一个给定的命令的 qubit 环境的 spaced 顺序。一些新开发和观点也被讨论。

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在量信息处理,在吵闹的环境保护 qubits 的连贯是重要的。动态去耦(DD ) 它使用一个序列在 qubits 上扭动并且平均联合到零的 qubit 环境,是有另外的需要的功能的有希望的策略兼容机,例如量门。这里,我们在动态去耦和试验性的示范的理论考察最近的进步。我们由于联合到吵闹的环境给半古典作品和对 qubit 的量描述 decoherence。基于量图画, DD 的几何解释被介绍。周期的 Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill DD 和并置的 DD 被考察,由最近发达的 Uhrig DD 的详细探索列在后面,它采用脉搏的最少的数字在一不相等地压制联合到进化时间的一个给定的命令的 qubit 环境的 spaced 顺序。一些新开发和观点也被讨论。
动态去耦(DD ) 消除由使用即时脉搏的一个序列联合的 qubit 洗澡。当时 qubit 洗澡 couplings 通常导致 qubit 松驰和 dephasing, qubit-qubit couplings 经常被用来操作或控制量状态。我们在二个 DD 计划,命名周期的 DD (PDD ) 和 Uhrig DD (UDD ) 调查可得到的控制操作,到看通用的量计算是否能在这些 decoupled 系统被认识到。我们发现通用控制周期性地用在两个的海森堡相互作用是可能的 decoupled 系统和 Uhrig decoupled 系统,和在二种 DD 序列下面的可得到的控制操作服从一样的交换关系。在 UDD 案例中,我们也为控制错误导出不平的界限。
Maintaining quantum coherence is a crucial requirement for quantum computation; hence protecting quantum systems against their irreversible corruption due to environmental noise is an important open problem. Dynamical decoupling (DD) is an effective method for reducing decoherence with a low control overhead. It also plays an important role in quantum metrology, where, for instance, it is employed in multiparameter estimation. While a sequence of equidistant control pulses [the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) sequence] has been ubiquitously used for decoupling, Uhrig recently proposed that a nonequidistant pulse sequence [the Uhrig dynamic decoupling (UDD) sequence] may enhance DD performance, especially for systems where the spectral density of the environment has a sharp frequency cutoff. On the other hand, equidistant sequences outperform UDD for soft cutoffs. The relative advantage provided by UDD for intermediate regimes is not clear. In this paper, we analyze the relative DD performance in this regime experimentally, using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance. Our system qubits are 13C^{13}\mathrm{C}13C nuclear spins and the environment consists of a 1H^{1}\mathrm{H}1H nuclear spin bath whose spectral density is close to a normal (Gaussian) distribution. We find that in the presence of such a bath, the CPMG sequence outperforms the UDD sequence. An analogy between dynamical decoupling and interference effects in optics provides an intuitive explanation as to why the CPMG sequence performs better than any nonequidistant DD sequence in the presence of this kind of environmental noise.
In quantum information processing, it is vital to protect the coherence of qubits in noisy environments. Dynamical decoupling (DD), which applies a sequence of flips on qubits and averages the qubit-environment coupling to zero, is a promising strategy compatible with other desired functionalities, such as quantum gates. Here, we review the recent progresses in theories of dynamical decoupling and experimental demonstrations. We give both semiclassical and quantum descriptions of the qubit decoherence due to coupling to noisy environments. Based on the quantum picture, a geometrical interpretation of DD is presented. The periodic Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill DD and the concatenated DD are reviewed, followed by a detailed exploration of the recently developed Uhrig DD, which employs the least number of pulses in an unequally spaced sequence to suppress the qubit-environment coupling to a given order of the evolution time. Some new developments and perspectives are also discussed.
We report an experimental demonstration of storage of photonic polarization qubit (PPQ) protected by dynamical decoupling (DD). PPQ's states are stored as a superposition of two spin waves by electromagnetically-induced-transparency (EIT). Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) DD sequences are applied to the spin-wave superposition to suppress its decoherence. Thus, the quantum process fidelity remains better than 0.8 for up to 800 μs storage time, which is 3.4-times longer than the corresponding storage time of ~180 μs without the CPMG sequences. This work is a key step towards the storage of single-photon polarization qubit protected by the CPMG sequences.