Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

A Matlab Program for Testing Quasi-Monte Carlo Constructions

Lynne Serré

Published Jan 1, 2010• 3 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The Monte Carlo method uses a random sample of size n to approximate the value of an s-dimensional integral and has a convergence rate of O(n−1/2). By using lowdiscrepancy sampling, the quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) method achieves a convergence rate of O(n−1(log n)), which is asymptotically faster than that of the Monte Carlo method. However, due to the dependence of the QMC error bound on the dimension s, this result doesn’t hold at practical values of n for even relatively small values of s. Still, many empirical studies have shown that QMC can outperform Monte Carlo integration in highdimensional problems at practical values of n. Empirical studies are often conducted by researchers to investigate the behaviour of QMC methods since the QMC error bound suffers from several practical limitations. This paper presents a Matlab program that implements some of the more commonly used numerical tests and provides a simple graphical summary of the results.

Related papers

Randomized Quasi-Monte Carlo: An Introduction for Practitioners

Pierre L’Ecuyer

We survey basic ideas and results on randomized quasi-Monte Carlo (RQMC) methods, discuss their practical aspects, and give numerical illustrations. RQMC can improve accuracy compared with standard Monte Carlo (MC) when estimating an integral interpreted as a mathematical expectation. RQMC estimators are unbiased and their variance converges at a faster rate (under certain conditions) than MC estimators, as a function of the sample size. Variants of RQMC also work for the simulation of Markov chains, for function approximation and optimization, for solving partial differential equations, etc. In this introductory survey, we look at how RQMC point sets and sequences are constructed, how we measure their uniformity, why they can work for high-dimensional integrals, and how can they work when simulating Markov chains over a large number of steps.

•Aug 14, 2016•2 citations

QMC integration errors and quasi-asymptotics

Ilya M. Sobol, Boris V. Shukhman

Abstract A crude Monte Carlo (MC) method allows to calculate integrals over a d-dimensional cube. As the number N of integration nodes becomes large, the rate of probable error of the MC method decreases as O ⁢ ( 1 / N ) {O(1/\sqrt{N})} . The use of quasi-random points instead of random points in the MC algorithm converts it to the quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) method. The asymptotic error estimate of QMC integration of d-dimensional functions contains a multiplier 1 / N {1/N} . However, the multiplier ( ln ⁡ N ) d {(\ln N)^{d}} is also a part of the error estimate, which makes it virtually useless. We have proved that, in the general case, the QMC error estimate is not limited to the factor 1 / N {1/N} . However, our numerical experiments show that using quasi-random points of Sobol sequences with N = 2 m {N=2^{m}} with natural m makes the integration error approximately proportional to 1 / N {1/N} . In our numerical experiments, d ≤ 15 {d\leq 15} , and we used N ≤ 2 40 {N\leq 2^{40}} points generated by the SOBOLSEQ16384 code published in 2011. In this code, d ≤ 2 14 {d\leq 2^{14}} and N ≤ 2 63 {N\leq 2^{63}} .

Monte Carlo Methods and Applications•Jul 16, 2020•2 citations

High-dimensional quasi-Monte Carlo via combinatorial discrepancy

Jiaheng Chen, Haotian Jiang, Nathan Kirk

Quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) methods are known to achieve faster convergence rates than Monte Carlo (MC), but their effectiveness in high dimensions often relies on additional structure, such as low effective dimension or carefully chosen coordinate weights. Moreover, in many applications one has access only to random samples rather than deterministic QMC constructions. In this work, we extend the recent method of N. Bansal and H. Jiang and construct high-dimensional QMC point sets from random samples via combinatorial discrepancy. We establish error bounds for these constructions in weighted function spaces, including settings with low effective dimension in both the superposition and truncation senses. We also implement the resulting Subgaussian Transference algorithm and present numerical experiments to assess empirically the performance of these constructions.

arXiv:2508.18426•Journal of Complexity•May 5, 2026•0 citations

Quasi-Monte Carlo integration over non-cubical domains

Nilofar Mortazavi

Monte Carlo (MQ) method is a powerful tool to approximate high dimensional integrals. The disadvantage of ordinary MQ is the slow convergence rate by cause of the essential randomness of this method. Computations of this convergence can lead to pure time consuming. Quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) method yields considerably better results since this method is a deterministic alternative which uses Low-Discrepancy sequences instead of random samples . There are a multiplicity of big open problems in QMC-methods, problems partly arising from applications and partly arising from theory. QMC are developed to integrate over unite cube, where it has much more accuracy than MC for integrands of bounded variation. Integration over more general spaces such as triangles, disks and Cartesian products of such spaces is more challenging for QMC. Nevertheless in real-world applications various problems are defined over such spaces. The aim of this thesis is to provide a survey of a solution of such problems of numerical integration defined over non-cubical spaces. We present QMC and randomised QMC (RQMC) constructions in the triangle with a vanishing discrepancy based on the recent work of Basu 2016. The QMC construction is a version of the Van der Corput-Halton sequences specially made to the unit triangle. The attraction of scrambled net is replication based error estimation for QMC with slightly the same accuracy as QMC, and for smooth enough integrands.

•Jan 1, 2017•0 citations

QMCPy: A Python Framework for (Quasi-)Monte Carlo Algorithms

Aleksei G. Sorokin, Fred J. Hickernell, Sou-Cheng Terrya Choi +3 more

Monte Carlo (MC) methods estimate high-dimensional integrals by computing sample averages at independent and identically distributed (IID) random points.Quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) methods replace IID samples with low-discrepancy (LD) sequences which more uniformly cover the integration domain, leading to faster convergence and reduced computational requirements.

The Journal of Open Source Software•Jan 19, 2026•0 citations

High-dimensional integration: The quasi-Monte Carlo way

Josef Dick, Frances Y. Kuo, Ian H. Sloan

This paper is a contemporary review of QMC (‘quasi-Monte Carlo’) methods, that is, equal-weight rules for the approximate evaluation of high-dimensional integrals over the unit cube [0,1] s , where s may be large, or even infinite. After a general introduction, the paper surveys recent developments in lattice methods, digital nets, and related themes. Among those recent developments are methods of construction of both lattices and digital nets, to yield QMC rules that have a prescribed rate of convergence for sufficiently smooth functions, and ideally also guaranteed slow growth (or no growth) of the worst-case error as s increases. A crucial role is played by parameters called ‘weights’, since a careful use of the weight parameters is needed to ensure that the worst-case errors in an appropriately weighted function space are bounded, or grow only slowly, as the dimension s increases. Important tools for the analysis are weighted function spaces, reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces, and discrepancy, all of which are discussed with an appropriate level of detail.

Acta Numerica•Apr 2, 2013•615 citations
The Monte Carlo method uses a random sample of size n to approximate the value of an s-dimensional integral and has a convergence rate of O(n−1/2). By using lowdiscrepancy sampling, the quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) method achieves a convergence rate of O(n−1(log n)), which is asymptotically faster than that of the Monte Carlo method. However, due to the dependence of the QMC error bound on the dimension s, this result doesn’t hold at practical values of n for even relatively small values of s. Still, many empirical studies have shown that QMC can outperform Monte Carlo integration in highdimensional problems at practical values of n. Empirical studies are often conducted by researchers to investigate the behaviour of QMC methods since the QMC error bound suffers from several practical limitations. This paper presents a Matlab program that implements some of the more commonly used numerical tests and provides a simple graphical summary of the results.
We survey basic ideas and results on randomized quasi-Monte Carlo (RQMC) methods, discuss their practical aspects, and give numerical illustrations. RQMC can improve accuracy compared with standard Monte Carlo (MC) when estimating an integral interpreted as a mathematical expectation. RQMC estimators are unbiased and their variance converges at a faster rate (under certain conditions) than MC estimators, as a function of the sample size. Variants of RQMC also work for the simulation of Markov chains, for function approximation and optimization, for solving partial differential equations, etc. In this introductory survey, we look at how RQMC point sets and sequences are constructed, how we measure their uniformity, why they can work for high-dimensional integrals, and how can they work when simulating Markov chains over a large number of steps.
Abstract A crude Monte Carlo (MC) method allows to calculate integrals over a d-dimensional cube. As the number N of integration nodes becomes large, the rate of probable error of the MC method decreases as O ⁢ ( 1 / N ) {O(1/\sqrt{N})} . The use of quasi-random points instead of random points in the MC algorithm converts it to the quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) method. The asymptotic error estimate of QMC integration of d-dimensional functions contains a multiplier 1 / N {1/N} . However, the multiplier ( ln ⁡ N ) d {(\ln N)^{d}} is also a part of the error estimate, which makes it virtually useless. We have proved that, in the general case, the QMC error estimate is not limited to the factor 1 / N {1/N} . However, our numerical experiments show that using quasi-random points of Sobol sequences with N = 2 m {N=2^{m}} with natural m makes the integration error approximately proportional to 1 / N {1/N} . In our numerical experiments, d ≤ 15 {d\leq 15} , and we used N ≤ 2 40 {N\leq 2^{40}} points generated by the SOBOLSEQ16384 code published in 2011. In this code, d ≤ 2 14 {d\leq 2^{14}} and N ≤ 2 63 {N\leq 2^{63}} .
Quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) methods are known to achieve faster convergence rates than Monte Carlo (MC), but their effectiveness in high dimensions often relies on additional structure, such as low effective dimension or carefully chosen coordinate weights. Moreover, in many applications one has access only to random samples rather than deterministic QMC constructions. In this work, we extend the recent method of N. Bansal and H. Jiang and construct high-dimensional QMC point sets from random samples via combinatorial discrepancy. We establish error bounds for these constructions in weighted function spaces, including settings with low effective dimension in both the superposition and truncation senses. We also implement the resulting Subgaussian Transference algorithm and present numerical experiments to assess empirically the performance of these constructions.
Monte Carlo (MQ) method is a powerful tool to approximate high dimensional integrals. The disadvantage of ordinary MQ is the slow convergence rate by cause of the essential randomness of this method. Computations of this convergence can lead to pure time consuming. Quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) method yields considerably better results since this method is a deterministic alternative which uses Low-Discrepancy sequences instead of random samples . There are a multiplicity of big open problems in QMC-methods, problems partly arising from applications and partly arising from theory. QMC are developed to integrate over unite cube, where it has much more accuracy than MC for integrands of bounded variation. Integration over more general spaces such as triangles, disks and Cartesian products of such spaces is more challenging for QMC. Nevertheless in real-world applications various problems are defined over such spaces. The aim of this thesis is to provide a survey of a solution of such problems of numerical integration defined over non-cubical spaces. We present QMC and randomised QMC (RQMC) constructions in the triangle with a vanishing discrepancy based on the recent work of Basu 2016. The QMC construction is a version of the Van der Corput-Halton sequences specially made to the unit triangle. The attraction of scrambled net is replication based error estimation for QMC with slightly the same accuracy as QMC, and for smooth enough integrands.
This paper is a contemporary review of QMC (‘quasi-Monte Carlo’) methods, that is, equal-weight rules for the approximate evaluation of high-dimensional integrals over the unit cube [0,1] s , where s may be large, or even infinite. After a general introduction, the paper surveys recent developments in lattice methods, digital nets, and related themes. Among those recent developments are methods of construction of both lattices and digital nets, to yield QMC rules that have a prescribed rate of convergence for sufficiently smooth functions, and ideally also guaranteed slow growth (or no growth) of the worst-case error as s increases. A crucial role is played by parameters called ‘weights’, since a careful use of the weight parameters is needed to ensure that the worst-case errors in an appropriately weighted function space are bounded, or grow only slowly, as the dimension s increases. Important tools for the analysis are weighted function spaces, reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces, and discrepancy, all of which are discussed with an appropriate level of detail.