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Commensurate-incommensurate phase transition in one-dimensional quantum sine-Gordon model based on a lattice massive thirring model

Shuichi lwabuchi

Published Jan 1, 2005• 0 citations

Abstract

The commensurate-incommensurate (C-IC) phase transition in the one dimensional quantum sineGordon model at zero temperature is exactly solved with the use of the Bethe ansatz technique for the lattice massive Thirring model. The energy difference between C and IC phases is derived based on the same ground state which is valid in the whole parameter region. It is due to the fact that there is no change in the ground state of the lattice massive Thirring model even in the strongly repulsive region in contrast to the continuum massive Thirring model even in the strongly repulsive region in contrast to the continuum massive Thirring model. It is proved in the whole parameter region that the IC phase can be realized with the soliton density proportional to x f E s (Es: formation energy of soliton), when Es becomes negative.

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The commensurate-incommensurate (C-IC) phase transition in the one dimensional quantum sineGordon model at zero temperature is exactly solved with the use of the Bethe ansatz technique for the lattice massive Thirring model. The energy difference between C and IC phases is derived based on the same ground state which is valid in the whole parameter region. It is due to the fact that there is no change in the ground state of the lattice massive Thirring model even in the strongly repulsive region in contrast to the continuum massive Thirring model even in the strongly repulsive region in contrast to the continuum massive Thirring model. It is proved in the whole parameter region that the IC phase can be realized with the soliton density proportional to x f E s (Es: formation energy of soliton), when Es becomes negative.

Recently Haldane has derived the Bethe ansatz equations describing the ground state properties of the massive Thirring model with finite `hole' density (the quantum sine-Gordon model with finite soliton density). His derivation is explicitly confirmed here using a particular cutoff scheme, and his solutions of the equations in various limits are reviewed with complementary results. The commensurate-incommensurate transition in the two-dimensional sine-Gordon model with a uniaxial misfit is examined at finite temperatures using the results obtained in the massive Thirring model.

There are two different results concerning the functional relationship between the chemical potential of the 1D massive Thirring model and the misfit parameter of the 1D quantum sine-Gordon model which have been reported [4-7]. In order to investigate this problem, the Jordan boson representation of fermion field operators is used to obtain the bosonized expression of the 1D massive Thirring model. The equivalence of this model with the 1D quantum sine-Gordon model is proved, all zero-mode contributions taken into account. The problem of controversial results previously reported is solved. Thereafter, by means of Bethe-Ansatz method, a new expression for the critical curve of the commensurate-incommensurate transition in the two-dimensional sine-Gordon model is found.

In this paper we study the critical exponents of the quantum sine-Gordon model and U(1) Thirring models in the incommensurate phase. This phase appears when the chemical potential h exceeds a critical value and is characterized by a finite density of solitons. The low-energy sector of this phase is critical and is described by the Gaussian model (Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid) with the compactification radius dependent on the soliton density and the sine-Gordon model coupling constant $\ensuremath{\beta}.$ For a fixed value of $\ensuremath{\beta},$ we find that the Luttinger parameter K is equal to 1/2 at the commensurate-incommensurate transition point and approaches the asymptotic value ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{2}/8\ensuremath{\pi}$ away from it. We describe a possible phase diagram of the model consisting of an array of weakly coupled chains. The possible phases are Fermi liquid, spin density wave, spin-Peierls, and Wigner crystal.