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物理学前沿：英文版

How far can one send a photon

Nicolás, Gisin

Published Jan 1, 2015• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

一个人能送一个光子的问题的答案？重重地取决于一个人由一个光子并且在一个人打算与那个光子做的的上意味着的。为直接的量通讯，限制是约 500 km。为陆上的量通讯，近未来的技术很快基于量远距传物和量记忆愿望启用将把 world-wide-quantum-web (WWQW ) 的发展变成一个高度重要的工程问题的量 repeaters。为设备无关的量信息处理，近未来的 qubit 放大器(即， photonic qubits 的存在的概率振幅的概率的宣布扩大) 将很快超过一些十公里允许示范。

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一个人能送一个光子的问题的答案？重重地取决于一个人由一个光子并且在一个人打算与那个光子做的的上意味着的。为直接的量通讯，限制是约 500 km。为陆上的量通讯，近未来的技术很快基于量远距传物和量记忆愿望启用将把 world-wide-quantum-web (WWQW ) 的发展变成一个高度重要的工程问题的量 repeaters。为设备无关的量信息处理，近未来的 qubit 放大器(即， photonic qubits 的存在的概率振幅的概率的宣布扩大) 将很快超过一些十公里允许示范。
The answer to the question How far can one send a photon? depends heavily on what one means by a photon and on what one intends to do with that photon. For direct quantum communication, the limit is approximately 500 km. For terrestrial quantum communication, near-future technologies based on quantum teleportation and quantum memories will soon enable quantum repeaters that will turn the development of a world-wide-quantum-web (WWQW) into a highly non-trivial engineering problem. For Device-Independent Quantum Information Processing, near-future qubit amplifiers (i.e., probabilistic heralded amplification of the probability amplitude of the presence of photonic qubits) will soon allow demonstrations over a few tens of kilometers.
Fiber-based classical communication is all-optical and uses light pulses reamplified and reshaped every 50-100 km in classical repeaters. Most compatible with this would be a quantum communication system which is also all-optical with quantum processing units placed in similar intervals. However, existing all-optical quantum communication protocols either require complicated quantum error correction steps for logical-qubit recoveries at every few kilometers or, over larger quantum repeater segments, they would at least depend on sharing complex multi-photon entangled states. Here we propose an all-optical memory-based quantum repeater for long-distance quantum communication, with quantum memories at each repeater station realized in the form of fiber loops combined with suitable quantum error correction codes for photon-loss protection. By sending only single-photon states through the fibers connecting the stations, such repeaters can operate in the classical infrastructure's long-segment regime. We analyze the performance of our scheme for the Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill code, including a concatenation with the Steane code, as well as the single-photon quantum parity code for total distances up to 10000 km.
Quantum communication between two distant parties will serve as a cornerstone of the future quantum internet. However, generating enough entangled Bell pairs over long distances is a critical bottleneck. Although photons are ideal carriers of quantum information, overcoming photon loss and the exponential attenuation of signals remains a major challenge. We propose an all-photonic quantum repeater architecture that enables quantum communication over 1,000 km with an equidistant repeater spacing of 9 km. This repeater spacing is enabled by elementary entangled Bell pairs protected through the concatenation of continuous-variable and discrete-variable quantum error correction codes, namely, the bosonic Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) code and the [[7,1,3]] Steane code, whose combination yields a synergistic improvement in robustness against photon loss. This architecture incorporates a new ranking criterion and a multi-reflection mirror-based optical cavity as a free-space photonic memory module, which we model in terms of its length and mirror-reflection efficiency. Additionally, we propose two heuristic construction methods for the elementary entangled Bell pairs. One method introduces up to two-qubit correlated errors within each logical qubit but requires a large number of GKP qubits, while the other allows up to three-qubit correlated errors within each logical qubit but requires fewer GKP qubits. To more accurately capture realistic physical conditions during photonic resource preparation, we include switching-induced imperfections in our simulations, in addition to other standard optical imperfections. In the presence of these imperfections, our realization requires only a few thousand GKP qubits per repeater station per protocol run, a resource requirement significantly smaller than the corresponding resource requirements of prior third-generation all-photonic repeater proposals.