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The Chemical Society of Japan

Analytical Nuclear Gradients for the State-Average Density Matrix Renormalization Group Complete Active Space Self-Consistent-Field Method

Tsubasa Iino

Published Jan 18, 2021• 0 citations
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Algorithm for analytic nuclear energy gradients of state averaged DMRG-CASSCF theory with newly derived coupled-perturbed equations

Tsubasa Iino, Toru Shiozaki, Takeshi Yanai

We present an algorithm for evaluating analytic nuclear energy gradients of the state-averaged density matrix renormalization group complete-active-space self-consistent field (SA-DMRG-CASSCF) theory based on the newly derived coupled-perturbed (CP) DMRG-CASSCF equations. The Lagrangian for the conventional SA-CASSCF analytic gradient theory is extended to the SA-DMRG-CASSCF variant that can fully consider a whole set of constraints on the parameters of multi-root canonical matrix product states formed at all the DMRG block configurations. An efficient algorithm to solve the CP-DMRG-CASSCF equations for determining the multipliers was developed. The complexity of the resultant analytic gradient algorithm is overall the same as that of the unperturbed SA-DMRG-CASSCF algorithm. In addition, a reduced-scaling approach was developed to directly compute the SA reduced density matrices (SA-RDMs) and their perturbed ones without calculating separate state-specific RDMs. As part of our implementation scheme, we neglect the term associated with the constraint on the active orbitals in terms of the active-active rotation in the Lagrangian. Thus, errors from the true analytic gradients may be caused in this scheme. The proposed gradient algorithm was tested with the spin-adapted implementation by checking how accurately the computed analytic energy gradients reproduce numerical gradients of the SA-DMRG-CASSCF energies using a common number of renormalized bases. The illustrative applications show that the errors are sufficiently small when using a typical number of the renormalized bases, which is required to attain adequate accuracy in DMRG's total energies.

The Journal of Chemical Physics•Dec 16, 2022•5 citations
We present the density matrix renormalization group self-consistent field (DMRG-SCF) approach that is analogous to the complete active space self-consisted field (CASSCF) method but instead of using for the description of the active space the full configuration interaction (FCI) method, the DMRG-SCF uses the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method. The DMRG-SCF approach, similarly to CASSCF, properly describes the multiconfigurational character of the wave function but avoids the exponential scaling of the FCI method and replaces it with a polynomial scaling. Hence, calculations for a larger number of orbitals and electrons in the active space are possible since the DMRG method provides an efficient tool to automatically select from the full Hilbert space the many-body contracted basis states that are the most important for the description of the wave function.
We present an approximate scheme for analytical gradients and nonadiabatic couplings for calculating state-average density matrix renormalization group self-consistent-field wave function. Our formalism follows closely the state-average complete active space self-consistent-field (SA-CASSCF) ansatz, which employs a Lagrangian, and the corresponding Lagrange multipliers are obtained from a solution of the coupled-perturbed CASSCF (CP-CASSCF) equations. We introduce a definition of the matrix product state (MPS) Lagrange multipliers based on a single-site tensor in a mixed-canonical form of the MPS, such that a sweep procedure is avoided in the solution of the CP-CASSCF equations. We apply our implementation to the optimization of a conical intersection in 1,2-dioxetanone, where we are able to fully reproduce the SA-CASSCF result up to arbitrary accuracy.
We present an algorithm for evaluating analytic nuclear energy gradients of the state-averaged density matrix renormalization group complete-active-space self-consistent field (SA-DMRG-CASSCF) theory based on the newly derived coupled-perturbed (CP) DMRG-CASSCF equations. The Lagrangian for the conventional SA-CASSCF analytic gradient theory is extended to the SA-DMRG-CASSCF variant that can fully consider a whole set of constraints on the parameters of multi-root canonical matrix product states formed at all the DMRG block configurations. An efficient algorithm to solve the CP-DMRG-CASSCF equations for determining the multipliers was developed. The complexity of the resultant analytic gradient algorithm is overall the same as that of the unperturbed SA-DMRG-CASSCF algorithm. In addition, a reduced-scaling approach was developed to directly compute the SA reduced density matrices (SA-RDMs) and their perturbed ones without calculating separate state-specific RDMs. As part of our implementation scheme, we neglect the term associated with the constraint on the active orbitals in terms of the active-active rotation in the Lagrangian. Thus, errors from the true analytic gradients may be caused in this scheme. The proposed gradient algorithm was tested with the spin-adapted implementation by checking how accurately the computed analytic energy gradients reproduce numerical gradients of the SA-DMRG-CASSCF energies using a common number of renormalized bases. The illustrative applications show that the errors are sufficiently small when using a typical number of the renormalized bases, which is required to attain adequate accuracy in DMRG's total energies.