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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

The Most Coherent Superconducting Qubit

Aaron Somoroff, Quentin Ficheux, Raymond Mencia, Haonan Xiong, Konstantin Nesterov, Maxim Vavilov, Vladimir Manucharyan

Published Mar 16, 2021• 0 citations
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Superconducting qubits are prone to noise induced by material defects, which degrades their coherence and performance of gate operations. In this work, by thermally annealing a chip with 20 tunable transmon qubits in vacuum, we realize an approximate 30% enhancement in the average energy relaxation time T¯1 from 162 to 210 μs. After annealing, T¯1 also shows smaller fluctuations in time, and the aging of the qubits, when kept under ambient conditions, is remarkably decelerated. Our work demonstrates a simple yet highly effective way to improve the coherence and stability of superconducting qubits for scalable superconducting quantum processors.
Superconducting qubit coherence has a precision problem. Relaxation time T1and decoherence time T2are by far the most common benchmarks of single qubit performance in superconducting quantum circuits, and are heavily relied upon for engineering next-generation devices. However, these metrics have strong environmental sensitivities and are temporally unstable, and thus alone are not robust metrics for describing individual qubits and comparing them against one another.In this tutorial, the measurement and interpretation of superconducting qubit coherence metrics is detailed, and useful qubit metrics are outlined that consider current knowledge of T1and T2variation sources.
Superconducting qubits are Josephson junction-based circuits that exhibit macroscopic quantum behavior and can be manipulated as artificial atoms. Benefiting from the well-developed technology of microfabrication and microwave engineering, superconducting qubits have great advantages in design flexibility, controllability, and scalability. Over the past decade, there has been rapid progress in the field, which greatly improved our understanding of qubit decoherence and circuit optimization. The single-qubit coherence time has been steadily raised to the order of 10 to 100 μs, allowing for the demonstration of high-fidelity gate operations and measurement-based feedback control. Here we review recent progress in the coherence and readout of superconducting qubits.