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Quantum Logics and Lindenbaum Property

E. Giuntini

Published Jan 1, 2016• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

This paper will take into account the Lindenbaum property in Ortho modular Quantum Logic (OQL) and Partial Classical Logic (PCL). The Lindenbaum property has an interest both from a logical and a physical point of view since it has to do with the problem of the completeness of quantum theory and with the possibi? lity of extending any semantically non-contradictory set of formulas to a semanti? cally non-contradictory complete set of formulas. The main purpose of this paper is4 to show that both OQL and PCL cannot satisfy the Lindenbaum property.

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•Jan 1, 2010•0 citations
This paper will take into account the Lindenbaum property in Ortho modular Quantum Logic (OQL) and Partial Classical Logic (PCL). The Lindenbaum property has an interest both from a logical and a physical point of view since it has to do with the problem of the completeness of quantum theory and with the possibi? lity of extending any semantically non-contradictory set of formulas to a semanti? cally non-contradictory complete set of formulas. The main purpose of this paper is4 to show that both OQL and PCL cannot satisfy the Lindenbaum property.
One of the main problems of the orthoframe approach to quantum logic was that orthomodularity could not be captured by any first-order condition. This paper studies an elementary and natural class of orthomodular frames that can work around this limitation. Set-theoretically, the frames we propose form a natural subclass of the orthoframes , where is an irreflexive and symmetric relation on X. More specifically, they are partially-ordered orthoframes with a designated subset . Our frame class contains the canonical orthomodular frame of the logic and therefore characterises orthomodular quantum logic (OQL). To prove soundness, a further restriction is placed on admissible valuations which requires that they be point-generated in addition to the requirement that they return stable sets.
A many–valued logic from an old neglected Lukasiewicz paper is adopted to describe results of physical (esp. quantum) experiments. Truth–values of propositions are interpreted as probabilities of their experimental confirmation. It is shown that the Lindenbaum algebra of the obtained logic is an orthomodular partially ordered set, i.e. a “quantum logic” in the Birkhoff–von Neumann sense. Short outline of the historical development of applications of many–valued logics in foudations of quantum mechanics is given.
This article employs a descriptive-analytical method with an algebraic and axiomatic approach to address quantum logic. Through several thought experiments, it is demonstrated that the distributive law for propositions does not hold in quantum mechanics. Therefore, the logic governing this domain of science is not classical logic. In fact, the algebra corresponding to the logic of quantum propositions is an orthomodular lattice, which is why the distributive law is not necessarily valid for such propositions. In quantum logic, various definitions are offered for the implication operator. Since none of these operators satisfy the deduction theorem, a suitable implication operator with this property must be defined. This objective is achieved by defining a unified quantum logic. By constructing a Lindenbaum-Tarski algebra for this unified quantum logic, it can be shown that it is indeed a quantum logic. Dishkant presented an embedding of quantum logic into the Br-modal logic system. This provides an appropriate semantics for quantum logic. A suitable model for this logic is the closed subspaces of a Hilbert space.
The purpose of this paper is to prove that the construction of a quantum logic is a task of specific interest for non-classical logic, but that it is relevant neither to the methodology of quantum mechanics nor to the formalisation of the alternative yes-no process. The main argument is that quantum structures (for example, orthocomplemented partially ordered sets, orthomodular lattices and partial algebras) are not systems of logic proper, but rather are perfectly formalizable structures in classical logic. In § 1, the orthodox formulation of Jauch and Piron are analyzed. I affirm that the objections made by these authors against “quantum logic” are not eliminated by the introduction of a conditional in the lattice structures, since the true reason why quantum “logic” is not really logic lies in its formulation, which is not that of a propositional system, but rather that of a specific theory whose model is these lattices. It is argued that the collection of the properties satisfied by certain objects of a structure does not justify their presentation as purely logical properties, nor does the presence of certain operations of the least upper bound and greatest lower bound permit us to call symbols introduced by analogy in propositionaI logic “connectives”. In any case, if that formalization is indeed possible, it does not imply the adoption of a new logic as a formal instrument for quantum mechanics. In § 2, aspects of quantum theories which are especially semantic in nature are analyzed. I agree with van Fraassen’s statement in the sense that that semantic formulation makes specific concepts of the theory clearer, but it does not attempt to construct its own logic. I deduce that it is non-classical logic which can actually take advantage of quantum semantics, as a model which, eventually, could throw light on the metalogical properties of certain special propositional systems. Finally, by using Benioff’s profound set theory analysis, I advance the hypothesis that classical logic is possibly the only one that can account for the richness of the meanings that appear in quantum mechanics.[Summary by Carlos Lungarzo]
According to quantum mechanics, the pure states of a microsystem are represented by vectors in a Hilbert Space. Sentences of the form, "x є L" (where x is the state vector for a system, L a subspace of the appropriate Hilbert space), may be called Q-propositions: such sentences serve to summarise our information about the results of possible experiments on the system. Quantum logic investigates the relations which hold among the Q-propositions about a given physical sys tem. These logical relations correspond to algebraic relations among the subspaces of Hilbert space. The algebra of this set of subspaces is non-Boolean, and may be regarded either as an orthomodular lattice or as a partial Boolean algebra. With each type of structure we can associate a logic. A general approach to the semantics for such a logic is provided in terms of interpretations of a formal language within an algebraic structure; an interpretation maps sentences of the language homomorphically onto elements of the structure. When the structure in question is a Boolean algera, the resulting logic is classical; here we develop a semantics for the logic associated with partial Boolean algebras. Two systems of proof, based on the natural deduction systems of Gentzen, are shown for this logic. With respect to the given sematics, these calculi are sound and weakly complete. Strong completeness is conjectured. Quantum logic deals with the logical relations between sentences, and so is properly called a logic. However, it is the logic appropriate to a limited class of sentences: proposals that it should replace classical logic wherever the latter is used should be viewed with suspicion.