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Quantum Information and Computation

An information theoretical model for quantum secret sharing schemes

H. Imai, Joern Mueller-Quade, Anderson C. A. Nascimento, Pim Tuyls, Andreas Winter

Published Jan 1, 2005• 18 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Similarly to earlier models for quantum error correcting codes, we introduce a quantum information theoretical model for quantum secret sharing schemes. This model provides new insights into the theory of quantum secret sharing. By using our model, among other results, we give a shorter proof of Gottesman's theorem that the size of the shares in a quantum secret sharing scheme must be as large as the secret itself. Also, we introduced approximate quantum secret sharing schemes and showed robustness of quantum secret sharing schemes by extending Gottesman's theorem to the approximate case.

DOI
10.26421/qic5.1-7

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Similarly to earlier models for quantum error correcting codes, we introduce a quantum information theoretical model for quantum secret sharing schemes. This model provides new insights into the theory of quantum secret sharing. By using our model, among other results, we give a shorter proof of Gottesman's theorem that the size of the shares in a quantum secret sharing scheme must be as large as the secret itself. Also, we introduced approximate quantum secret sharing schemes and showed robustness of quantum secret sharing schemes by extending Gottesman's theorem to the approximate case.
Similarly to earlier models for quantum error correcting codes, we introduce a quantuminformation theoretical model for quantum secret sharing schemes. This model providesnew insights into the theory of quantum secret sharing. By using our model, among otherresults, we give a shorter proof of Gottesman's theorem that the size of the shares in aquantum secret sharing scheme must be as large as the secret itself. Also, we introducedapproximate quantum secret sharing schemes and showed robustness of quantum secretsharing schemes by extending Gottesman's theorem to the approximate case.
In this paper we introduce a quantum information theoretical model for quantum secret sharing schemes. We show that quantum information theory provides a unifying framework for the study of these schemes. We prove that the information theoretical requirements for a class of quantum secret sharing schemes reduce to only one requirement (the recoverability condition) as a consequence of the no-cloning principle. We give also a shorter proof of the fact that the size of the shares in a quantum secret sharing scheme must be at least as large as the secret itself.
Abstract Quantum secret sharing has wide application prospects in quantum communication, quantum network and other fields. It can provide a secure and reliable information sharing method for multi-party communication. In this paper, we mainly study the connection mechanism between the quantum secret-sharing scheme and quantum error-correcting codes. Firstly, we give the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of quantum error-correcting codes based on group algebra theory. Secondly, we give the corresponding quantum secret sharing scheme model with local quantum operation and classical communication capability can be constructed by any given quantum error-correcting codes. The advantage of this model is that the corresponding quantum secret-sharing scheme can be found for any quantum error-correcting code.
I present a variety of results on the theory of quantum secret sharing. I show that any mixed state quantum secret sharing scheme can be derived by discarding a share from a pure state scheme, and that the size of each share in a quantum secret sharing scheme must be at least as large as the size of the secret. I show that the only constraints on the existence of quantum secret sharing schemes with general access structures are monotonicity (if a set is authorized, so are larger sets) and the no-cloning theorem. I also discuss some aspects of sharing classical secrets using quantum states. In this situation, the size of each share can sometimes be half the size of the classical secret.
We present a general scheme for sharing quantum secrets, and an extension to sharing classical secrets, which contain all known quantum-secret-sharing schemes. In this framework, we show the equivalence of existence of both schemes, that is, the existence of a scheme sharing a quantum secret implies that the extended classical-secret-sharing scheme works, and vice versa. As a consequence of this, we find schemes sharing classical secrets for arbitrary access structures. We then clarify the relationship to quantum error correction and observe several restrictions thereby imposed, which for example indicates that for pure-state threshold schemes the share size qqq must scale with the number of players nnn as $q\ensuremath{\ge}\sqrt{n}$. These results also provide a way of searching for quantum-error-correcting codes.