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International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz)

Direct generation of two frequency-entangled photon pairs by quasi-phase-matched parametric down-conversion

Masayuki Hojo, Kōichiro Tanaka

Published Nov 8, 2020• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Entangled photon pairs have attracted many interests from the view of quantum science and technologies. However, there are still several technical issues remaining in the conventional generation method, such as complexity and inefficiency. Here we propose a simple scheme to generate frequency-entangled photon pairs via spontaneous parametric down-conversion in periodically poled stoichiometric lithium tantalite. Our method will open a way to construct a compact and efficient source of entangled photons for quantum sensing.

DOI
10.1109/irmmw-thz46771.2020.9370748

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Entangled photon pairs have attracted many interests from the view of quantum science and technologies. However, there are still several technical issues remaining in the conventional generation method, such as complexity and inefficiency. Here we propose a simple scheme to generate frequency-entangled photon pairs via spontaneous parametric down-conversion in periodically poled stoichiometric lithium tantalite. Our method will open a way to construct a compact and efficient source of entangled photons for quantum sensing.
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We demonstrate a technique that generates frequency-entangled photon pairs with high polarization definition by using a single-period nonlinear crystal and single pass configuration. The technique is based on the simultaneous occurrence of two spontaneous parametric down-conversion processes satisfying independent type-II collinear pseudo-phase matching conditions in periodically poled stoichiometric lithium tantalate. The generated photon pairs exhibit non-degenerate Hong-Ou-Mandel interference, indicating the presence of quantum entanglement in the frequency domain. This method provides a light source capable of wide-range quantum sensing and quantum imaging or high-dimensional quantum processing.
We present a highly efficient source for discrete frequency-entangled photon pairs based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion using 3rd-order type-0 quasi-phase matching in a periodically poled MgO-doped stoichiometric LiTaO(3) crystal pumped by a 355.66-nm laser. Correlated two-photon states were generated with automatic conservation of energy and momentum in two given spatial modes. These states have a wide spectral range, even under small variations in crystal temperature, which consequently results in higher discreteness. Frequency entanglement was confirmed by measuring two-photon quantum interference fringes without any spectral filtering.
We report a simple scheme for direct generation of frequency-bin entangled photon pairs via spontaneous parametric downconversion. Our fabricated nonlinear optical crystal with two different poling periods can simultaneously satisfy two different, spectrally symmetric nondegenerate quasi-phase-matching conditions, enabling the direct generation of entanglement in two discrete frequency-bin modes. Our produced photon pairs exhibited Hong-Ou-Mandel interference with high-visibility beating oscillations- a signature of two-mode frequency-bin entanglement. Moreover, we demonstrate deterministic entanglement-mode conversion from frequency-bin to polarization modes, with which our source can be more versatile for various quantum applications. Our scheme can be extended to direct generation of high-dimensional frequency-bin entanglement, and thus will be a key technology for frequency-multiplexed optical quantum information processing.
As some of the most promising quantum applications such as high resolution quantum optical coherence tomography (QOCT) [1] with dispersion cancellation as well as quantum key distribution require frequency entanglement. Therefore, frequency entanglement light sources are an essential importance for implement of many quantum optical applications. So Far, the most prominent method used for the entangled photon pair generation is spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) in nonlinear crystals. Recently, with adopting chirp quasi-phase matching (QPM) PPSLT (periodically poled stoichiometric lithium tantalate) has been used as source of entangled photons with large bandwidth [2]. However, improving the overall system efficiency is still remain challenging.
Spontaneous parametric down-conversion is an essential tool for a quantum light source in the infrared region ranging 2-5 µm for the purpose of material identification, chemical analysis, and gas sensing. So far, photon pairs from the process in a nonlinear crystal have low tunability and a narrow spectral range because of the phase-matching condition. Here, we propose a novel type of spontaneous parametric down-conversion processes that overcomes these challenges, where two photon pairs are simultaneously produced in the visible and infrared regions in periodically poled stoichiometric lithium tantalite. It allows broadband and tunable generation of infrared photon pairs that can be employed as an alternative light source for quantum infrared spectroscopy.