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Cross Strait Radio Science and Wireless Technology Conference (CSRSWTC)

Practical Quantum Secure Direct Communication

Gui‐Lu Long, Haoran Zhang

Published Dec 13, 2020• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) transmits information securely through a quantum channel, distinct among various quantum communications. Proposed by me and Liu 20 years ago, QSDC has now been developed to a stage that is ready for practical application. QSDC advances classical communication of reliable communication over a noisy channel, which is guaranteed by Shannon's theory, to a higher plane of both secure and reliable communication over a noisy channel even in the presence of eavesdropping. Here we briefly introduce the basic principles, the techniques for practical applications.

DOI
10.1109/csrswtc50769.2020.9372501

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Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) transmits information securely through a quantum channel, distinct among various quantum communications. Proposed by me and Liu 20 years ago, QSDC has now been developed to a stage that is ready for practical application. QSDC advances classical communication of reliable communication over a noisy channel, which is guaranteed by Shannon's theory, to a higher plane of both secure and reliable communication over a noisy channel even in the presence of eavesdropping. Here we briefly introduce the basic principles, the techniques for practical applications.
Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) leverages quantum states to transmit information securely and reliably over a noisy, lossy, and wiretapped quantum channel. It has been proven to be information-theoretically secure. Recent experiments show that QSDC can enable long-distance communication and large-scale networking with existing technologies. In particular, free-space QSDC has the unique advantages and prospects for practical large-scale application. Here, we review the QSDC basics and the progress of free-space QSDC. The feasibility of satellite-based QSDC and the future directions of free-space QSDC are discussed. We propose a practical and feasible route that can make immediate application of QSDC in real life.
Quantum communication exploits the principles of quantum mechanics in the transmision and processing of information. It has the advantages of high security and high capacity. Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) is a new mode of quantum coomunication by Long and Liu in which secret information can be transmitted securely and directly over quantum channels. Since it was first proposed in 2000, QSDC has been developed very fast. In this review, we will explain the basic principles of QSDC and describe some typical QSDC protocols. Toward the end of the review, we will introduce the new trends in the QSDC research and give a perspectiv of QSDC research.
The quantum communication,based on the principle of quantum mechanics,could directly transmit secret information over the quantum channel,and could realize high security and high capacity.QSDC(Quantum Secure Direct Communication),as a new kind of quantum communication,could securely transtmit secret information directly over the quantum channel.QSDC has acquired fast development since proposed nearly ten years ago.Some typical quantum direct communication protocols or models adopted by QSDC are described in this paper,including entangled photo pairs-based two-step QSDC protocol and high dimensional quantum-based communication protocol.Meanwhile the development trend of QSDC is also briefed.
Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) is one of the most important branches of quantum communication. In contrast to the quantum key distribution (QKD) which distributes a secure key between distant parties, QSDC directly transmits secret message instead of sharing key in advance. To establish a secure QSDC protocol, on the one hand, the security of the quantum channel should be confirmed before the exchange of the secret message. On the other hand, the quantum state should be transmitted in a quantum data block since the security of QSDC is based on the error rate analysis in the theories on statistics. Compared with the deterministic quantum key distribution (DQKD) which can also be used to transmit deterministic information, QSDC schemes do not need extra classical bits to read the secret message except for public discussion. In this article, we introduce the basic principles of QSDC and review the development in this field by introducing typical QSDC protocols chronologically. The first QSDC protocol was proposed by Long and Liu, which can be used to establish a common key between distant parties. In their scheme, the method for transmitting quantum states in a block by block way and in multiple steps was proposed and the information leakage before eavesdropping detection was solved. Subsequently, Deng et al. presented two pioneering QSDC schemes, an entangled-state-based two-step QSDC scheme and a single-photon-state-based quantum one-time pad scheme, in which the basic principle and criteria for QSDC were pointed out. From then on, many interesting QSDC schemes have been proposed, including the high-dimension QSDC scheme based on quantum superdense coding, multi-step QSDC scheme based on Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states, QSDC scheme based on quantum encryption with practical non-maximally entangled quantum channel, and so on. We also introduce the anti-noise QSDC schemes which were designed for coping with the collective-dephasing noise and the collective-rotation noise, respectively. In 2011, Wang et al. presented the first QSDC which exploited the hyperentangled state as the information carrier and several QSDC schemes based on the spatial degree of freedom (DOF) of photon, single-photon multi-DOF state and hyperentanglement were proposed subsequently. In addition to the point-to-point QSDC schemes, we also review the QSDC networks. Finally, a perspective of QSDC research is given in the last section.
Quantum secure direct communication is one of the major branches of quantum cryptography. In quantum secure direct communication, secret information can be transmitted directly through a quantum channel without the use of a private key. Quantum secure direct communication(QSDC) offers higher security and instantaneousness in communication. Because it does not use private key, key management is dispensed with. Unlike quantum key distribution where key is transferred from quantum terminal to the classical terminal at the user's site, the coding operations are solely in the quantum terminal, it further provides security in the user's site. QSDC is also a powerful basic cryptographic primitive to build other quantum communication protocols, such as quantum bidding, quantum signature and quantum dialogue and so on. Here, we briefly introduce the basic ideas of QSDC, describe the major protocols, report current status, and give a perspective.