A review of quantum-fluctuation theory in the single-mode laser is presented. A new simple method of calculating quantum-fluctuation forces is developed. The power-independent contribution of these forces to the spectral width of a semiconductor laser is interpreted. Consideration is given to laser radiation locking by a random external signal. The conditions for laser radiation locking by intrinsic quantum noise are established. The existence is shown of a limit of squeezing in the case of squeezed-field generation under the action of a pump with a fluctuating amplitude and phase.A review of quantum-fluctuation theory in the single-mode laser is presented. A new simple method of calculating quantum-fluctuation forces is developed. The power-independent contribution of these forces to the spectral width of a semiconductor laser is interpreted. Consideration is given to laser radiation locking by a random external signal. The conditions for laser radiation locking by intrinsic quantum noise are established. The existence is shown of a limit of squeezing in the case of squeezed-field generation under the action of a pump with a fluctuating amplitude and phase.

Journal of the Optical Society of America BMay 1, 198810 citations

Quantum theory of a gas laser

C. R. Willis

Physics LettersJul 1, 19661 citation

Quantum statistical theory of the ring laser

Surendra Singh

A unified quantum treatment is presented for bidirectional two-mode ring lasers using the approach of Haken and co-workers. Equations of motion for the reduced density matrix of the field have been derived and used to study the fluctuation properties of the radiation field in different kinds of active media. The steady-state photon number distribution for an inhomogeneously broadened gas ring laser is derived. It is shown that for equal losses the relative fluctuations and normalized cross correlation of the photon numbers approach values $\frac{1}{3}$ and $\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{3}$, respectively, for large excitations. For unequal losses the laser may emit typical single-mode laser radiation in the direction of the favored mode and typical equilibrium blackbody radiation in the direction of the weaker mode. Our results generally agree with the predictions of earlier treatments when the losses are equal. However, for unequal losses we predict different behavior for large excitations. Effects of detuning, spatial, and temporal variation of atomic inversion on the fluctuation properties have been investigated in the coherent-state diagonal representation of the density matrix, and steady-state intensity distributions have been derived for various kinds of active atoms. It is shown that for inhomogeneously broadened solid-state ring lasers spatial inhomogeneities may couple the modes strongly and the statistical properties of such lasers, characterized by a double-peaked intensity distribution and large relative-intensity fluctuations, may be similar to those of a homogeneously broadened ring laser. Curves are presented to illustrate the behavior.A unified quantum treatment is presented for bidirectional two-mode ring lasers using the approach of Haken and co-workers. Equations of motion for the reduced density matrix of the field have been derived and used to study the fluctuation properties of the radiation field in different kinds of active media. The steady-state photon number distribution for an inhomogeneously broadened gas ring laser is derived. It is shown that for equal losses the relative fluctuations and normalized cross correlation of the photon numbers approach values $\frac{1}{3}$ and $\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{3}$, respectively, for large excitations. For unequal losses the laser may emit typical single-mode laser radiation in the direction of the favored mode and typical equilibrium blackbody radiation in the direction of the weaker mode. Our results generally agree with the predictions of earlier treatments when the losses are equal. However, for unequal losses we predict different behavior for large excitations. Effects of detuning, spatial, and temporal variation of atomic inversion on the fluctuation properties have been investigated in the coherent-state diagonal representation of the density matrix, and steady-state intensity distributions have been derived for various kinds of active atoms. It is shown that for inhomogeneously broadened solid-state ring lasers spatial inhomogeneities may couple the modes strongly and the statistical properties of such lasers, characterized by a double-peaked intensity distribution and large relative-intensity fluctuations, may be similar to those of a homogeneously broadened ring laser. Curves are presented to illustrate the behavior.

Physical Review AFeb 1, 198114 citations

\frac{1}{3}

and $\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{3}$, respectively, for large excitations. For unequal losses the laser may emit typical single-mode laser radiation in the direction of the favored mode and typical equilibrium blackbody radiation in the direction of the weaker mode. Our results generally agree with the predictions of earlier treatments when the losses are equal. However, for unequal losses we predict different behavior for large excitations. Effects of detuning, spatial, and temporal variation of atomic inversion on the fluctuation properties have been investigated in the coherent-state diagonal representation of the density matrix, and steady-state intensity distributions have been derived for various kinds of active atoms. It is shown that for inhomogeneously broadened solid-state ring lasers spatial inhomogeneities may couple the modes strongly and the statistical properties of such lasers, characterized by a double-peaked intensity distribution and large relative-intensity fluctuations, may be similar to those of a homogeneously broadened ring laser. Curves are presented to illustrate the behavior.