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Joule-Lenz Energy of Quantum Electron Transitions Compared with the Electromagnetic Emission of Energy: A Scientific Explanation

Stanisław Olszewski

Published Feb 27, 2021• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In the first step, the Joule-Lenz dissipation energy specified for the electron transitions between two neighbouring quantum levels in the hydrogen atom has been compared with the electromagnetic energy of emission from a single level. Both the electric and magnetic vectors entering the Pointing vector of the electromagnetic field are referred to the one-electron motion performed along an orbit in the atom. In the next step, a similar comparison of emission rates is performed for the harmonic oscillator. Formally a full agreement of the Joule-Lenz and electromagnetic expressions for the energy emission rates has been attained. The case of the electron oscillator allowed us to perform a more direct comparison of the quantum approach to the emission rate with the classical electromagnetic theory.

DOI
10.9734/bpi/nips/v13/5467d

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In the first step, the Joule-Lenz dissipation energy specified for the electron transitions between two neighbouring quantum levels in the hydrogen atom has been compared with the electromagnetic energy of emission from a single level. Both the electric and magnetic vectors entering the Pointing vector of the electromagnetic field are referred to the one-electron motion performed along an orbit in the atom. In the next step, a similar comparison of emission rates is performed for the harmonic oscillator. Formally a full agreement of the Joule-Lenz and electromagnetic expressions for the energy emission rates has been attained. The case of the electron oscillator allowed us to perform a more direct comparison of the quantum approach to the emission rate with the classical electromagnetic theory.
In the first step, the Joule-Lenz dissipation energy specified for the electron transitions between two neighbouring quantum levels in the hydrogen atom has been compared with the electromagnetic energy of emission from a single level. Both the electric and magnetic vectors entering the Pointing vector of the electromagnetic field are referred to the one-electron motion performed along an orbit in the atom. In the next step, a similar comparison of emission rates is performed for the harmonic oscillator. Formally a full agreement of the Joule-Lenz and electromagnetic expressions for the energy emission rates has been attained.
The time rate of energy emission in three quantum simple systems - the hydrogen atom, electron particle in a one-dimensional potential box and harmonic oscillator - has been calculated in two ways. The first one, based on the dipole approximation for the emitted energy, refers to classical electrodynamics. The other way is corresponding to quantum transitions of a single electron between definite energy levels. In this case the time of any transition is obtained by applying the Joule law characteristic for the dissipation of energy. The intensity of quantum transitions is found to be by several orders higher than the classical ones.
The time of the energy emission between two neighbouring electron levels in the hydrogen atom has been calculated first on the basis of the quantum aspects of the Joule-Lenz law, next this time is approached with the aid of the electrodynamical parameters characteristic for the electron motion in the atom. Both methods indicate a similar result, namely that the time of emission is close to the time period of the electromagnetic wave produced in course of the emission. As a by-product of calculations, the formula representing the radius of the electron microparticle is obtained from a simple combination of the expressions for the Bohr magnetic moment and a quantum of the magnetic flux.
In the first step, the Ehrenfest reasoning concerning the adiabatic invariance of the angular orbital momentum is applied to the electron motion in the hydrogen atom. It is demonstrated that the time of the energy emission from the quantum level n+1 to level n can be deduced from the orbital angular momentum examined in the hydrogen atom. This time is found precisely equal to the time interval dictated by the Joule-Lenz law governing the electron transition between the levels n+1 and n. In the next step, the mechanical parameters entering the quantum systems are applied in calculating the time intervals characteristic for the electron transitions. This concerns the neighbouring energy levels in the hydrogen atom as well as the Landau levels in the electron gas submitted to the action of a constant magnetic field.
Definitions of the mechanical parameters entering the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom allowed us to calculate the time intervals connected with the electron transitions between the nearest-neighbouring energy levels in the atom. This is done in a strictly non-probabilistic way. The time results are compared with those derived earlier on the basis of the classical Joule-Lenz law for the energy emission adapted to the case of the electron transfer in the quantum systems. A similar formalism has been next applied to the harmonic oscillator and a particle moving in the one-dimensional potential box.
The Joule-Lenz law for a classical expense of energy is transformed into a formula representing a quantummechanical invariant composed of the interval of energy connected with an electron transition and the corresponding interval of transition time between two quantum levels.Time and energy enter the invariant formula on an equal footing, moreover the time intervals converge with the time periods characteristic for the examined quantum systems.These properties imply to consider the time intervals as quanta of time having character similar to that possessed by the energy.Another result of the transformation of the Joule-Lenz law is the time rate of energy of the quantum transitions.This rate is calculated on a fully non-probabilistic way.When examined for the hydrogen atomic spectrum taken as an example, the obtained quantum rate is by many orders larger than a classical transition rate.