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Quantum Computing, Communication, and Simulation

Programmable quantum photonic processor based on integrated silicon nitride waveguides

Jörn P. Epping, Caterina Taballione, Reinier van der Meer, Henk Snijders, Peter Hooijschuur, Ben Kassenberg, Michiel de Goede, Pim Venderbosch, Chris Toebes, Hans H. van den Vlekkert, Pepijn W. H. Pinkse, Jelmer J. Renema

Published Mar 4, 2021• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Photonics integration is a key technology for realizing large-scale photonic quantum information processing. We demonstrate state-of-art reconfigurable photonic processors based on low-loss silicon nitride waveguide networks. We present the science behind such a processor, which consists of a large mesh of integrated reconfigurable Mach Zehnder interferometers. In this talk, we will present the newest results of the current generation of our programmable quantum photonic processors obtained by classical as well as quantum optical characterization. Furthermore, we show the challenges of scaling up quantum photonic processors and the range of potential applications of large-scale quantum information processing those will enable.

DOI
10.1117/12.2582527

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Photonics integration is a key technology for realizing large-scale photonic quantum information processing. We demonstrate state-of-art reconfigurable photonic processors based on low-loss silicon nitride waveguide networks. We present the science behind such a processor, which consists of a large mesh of integrated reconfigurable Mach Zehnder interferometers. In this talk, we will present the newest results of the current generation of our programmable quantum photonic processors obtained by classical as well as quantum optical characterization. Furthermore, we show the challenges of scaling up quantum photonic processors and the range of potential applications of large-scale quantum information processing those will enable.
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Programmable waveguide circuits are crucial building blocks for integrated spectrometric applications and quantum photonic information processing. Amongst the dielectric material platforms in integrated photonics, silicon nitride stands out with highly attractive properties such as a large bandgap energy and a moderately high index contrast. This allows low propagation losses in a wide spectral range while simultaneously allowing a dense packing of components. The aforementioned properties, together with the inherent phase stability and phase programmability achievable in silicon nitride, enable the creation of complex photonic circuits. In this thesis we describe and demonstrate densely integrated programmable photonic circuits based on silicon nitride waveguides for wavelength metrology and quantum information processing. We concentrate on reconfigurable photonic integrated circuits based on silicon nitride waveguides with low-loss propagation, to explore interference in the spectral and temporal domain for advanced applications. We investigated two types of integrated interferometric devices featuring low loss in combination with programmability for classical and quantum photonic processing. The first is simple tunable microring resonator circuits in combination with neural network data processing for the analysis of classical light in the spectral domain as wavelength meter. The second is a complex tunable network of waveguide interferometers for controlling quantum correlations (coincidences) between single photons. Exploiting the long-term interferometric stability, low propagation loss and tight optical confinement of integrated silicon nitride waveguides, we have shown complex reconfigurable optical circuits both for classical and quantum photonic processing. For future development of integrated programmable photonic processors, various challenges need to be addressed such as compact and low-power phase shifters, a further increase of the component density and lower the propagation losses.
Recently, quantum advantage over classical computation has been claimed using photons [1] . To control photonic quantum computations such as Boson sampling, a non-universal approach on quantum computation, large-scale quantum processors are needed [2] , [3] . To realize scalable and robust photonic quantum processors integrated photonics is a key technology. In our approach we use the integrated waveguide platform based on silicon nitride [4] , due to its low intrinsic losses and technological maturity. The low losses result in a high fidelity of the quantum photonics processor which is mandatory for reliable quantum computation while maturity of the platform allows for scaling up of the dimensions of the processor. Here, we present a universal 12-mode quantum photonics processor which is the largest of its kind to date.