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Springer proceedings in physics

Quantum Ghost Interference Using Partially Spatially Coherent Pump Beam

Stuti Joshi, Bhaskar Kanseri

Published Jan 1, 2021• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/978-981-15-9259-1_54

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Ghost interference with entangled photon pairs are studied theoretically. The pump beam in parametric down-conversion is treated as the Gaussian profile, while for the function describing phase matching in the longitudinal direction, both a Gaussian and a sinc function are considered. The numerical results show that the transverse size of the pump beam and transverse coherence width of the parametric fluorescence strongly influence the interference pattern. With the increase of the pump transverse size and the decrease of transverse coherence width, the interference pattern becomes more and more prominent. When the transverse coherence width is small to 0.01 mm category, the Gaussian and sinc models give the same results.
Coherence is a fundamental property of light. Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in coherence structuring, yielding a new type of partially coherent source with spatially tailored nonuniform correlations. However, the routine way of producing entangled photons via parametric down-conversion is to use a highly coherent laser source to pump nonlinear crystals. Here, we present a new strategy of exploiting such nonuniformly partially coherent sources to excite parametric down-conversion and thus endow the generated entanglement with a tailored and unusual spatial symmetry. To reveal the spatially varying degree of entanglement, we demonstrate the observation of an unusual Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) correlation by transferring the circular structure of the coherence of the pump beam onto that of down-converted photons. For this, we observe both anomalous ghost diffraction and normal ghost images to examine the EPR-type inequalities and showcase the transition from nonentanglement to entanglement. Our work suggests that coherence structuring can offer a new dimension to generate and control quantum entanglement.
Partially coherent quantum-entangled beams combine quantum correlation with partial coherence, allowing them to maintain quantum characteristics while being more resistant to distortions caused by random media during propagation. In this study, we investigate the effect of coherence variation of such beams on non-local double-slit quantum interference. The spatial coherence variation is achieved by controlling the transverse coherence length of the Gaussian Schell model pump in the spontaneous parametric down conversion process. For a fixed beam size, the momentum correlation width of partially coherent biphotons increases with the decrease in the transverse coherence length. This results in a biphoton beam exhibiting multiple spatial modes, making it more suitable for studying the non-local features of quantum states in imaging, interference, and diffraction experiments. Our findings infer both high-quality and near-unity visibility of nonlocal interference using the partially coherent twin beams, even with the substantial decrease in the coherence of the pump. We believe these results can enhance robustness against the deleterious effects of the medium during propagation and can have potential applications in optical image cryptography, biomedical imaging, quantum lithography, and quantum holography.