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WORLD SCIENTIFIC eBooks

Temperature-Dependent Damping and Frequency Shifts in Collective Excitations of a Dilute Bose-Einstein Condensate

D. S. Jin, M. R. Matthews, J. R. Ensher, Carl Wieman, Eric Cornell

Published Jan 1, 2008• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1142/9789812813787_0067

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We extend to finite temperature the study of collective excitations of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a dilute gas of 87Rb{}^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb. Measurements of two modes with different angular momenta show unexpected temperature-dependent frequency shifts, with very different behavior for the two symmetries; in addition there is a sharp feature in the temperature dependence of one mode. The damping of these excitations exhibits dramatic temperature dependence, with condensate modes at temperatures near the transition damping even faster than analogous noncondensate oscillations.
Collective excitations of a dilute Bose gas were probed above and below the Bose-Einstein condensation temperature. The temperature dependencies of the frequency and damping rates of condensate oscillations indicate significant interactions between the condensate and the thermal cloud. Hydrodynamic oscillations of the thermal cloud analogous to first sound were observed. An out-of-phase dipolar oscillation of the thermal cloud and the condensate was also studied, analogous to second sound. The excitations were observed in situ using nondestructive imaging techniques.
Collective excitations of a dilute Bose gas were probed above and below the Bose-Einstein condensation temperature. The temperature dependencies of the frequency and damping rates of condensate oscillations indicate significant interactions between the condensate and the thermal cloud. Hydrodynamic oscillations of the thermal cloud were observed, constituting first sound. An antisymmetric dipolar oscillation of the thermal cloud and the condensate was studied, representing the bulk flow of a superfluid through the normal fluid. The excitations were observed in situ using non-destructive imaging techniques.