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Optics Express

Dissipative preparation of qutrit entanglement via periodically modulated Rydberg double antiblockade

Zhao Jin, Wei‐Jiang Gong, Ai‐Dong Zhu, Shou Zhang, Yang Qi, Shi‐Lei Su

Published Mar 8, 2021• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a mechanism of Rydberg double antiblockade by virtue of a resonant dipole-dipole interaction between a pair of Rydberg atoms placed at short distances scaling as 1/R3. By combining this novel excitation regime with microwave-driven fields and dissipative dynamics, a stationary qutrit entangled state can be obtained with high quality, the corresponding steady-state fidelity and purity are insensitive to the variations of the dynamical parameters. Furthermore, we introduce time-dependent laser fields with periodically modulated amplitude to speed up the entanglement creation process. Numerical simulations reveal that the order of magnitude of the shortened convergence time is about 103 in units of ω0, and the acceleration effect appears valid in broad parametric space. The present results enrich the physics of the Rydberg antiblockade regimes and may receive more attention for the experimental investigations in dissipative dynamics of neutral atoms.

DOI
10.1364/oe.419568

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We propose a mechanism of Rydberg double antiblockade by virtue of a resonant dipole-dipole interaction between a pair of Rydberg atoms placed at short distances scaling as 1/R3. By combining this novel excitation regime with microwave-driven fields and dissipative dynamics, a stationary qutrit entangled state can be obtained with high quality, the corresponding steady-state fidelity and purity are insensitive to the variations of the dynamical parameters. Furthermore, we introduce time-dependent laser fields with periodically modulated amplitude to speed up the entanglement creation process. Numerical simulations reveal that the order of magnitude of the shortened convergence time is about 103 in units of ω0, and the acceleration effect appears valid in broad parametric space. The present results enrich the physics of the Rydberg antiblockade regimes and may receive more attention for the experimental investigations in dissipative dynamics of neutral atoms.
Abstract Preparation of entangled steady states via dissipation and pumping in Rydberg atoms has been recently found to be useful for quantum information processing. The driven-dissipative dynamics is closely related to the natural linewidth of the Rydberg states and can be usually modulated by engineering the thermal reservior. Instead of modifying the effectively radiative decay, we propose an alternatively optimized scheme, which combines the resonant Rydberg antiblockade excitation and the Lyapunov control of the ground states to speed up the prepration of the singlet state for two interacting Rydberg atoms. The acceleration process strongly depends on the initial state of the system with respect to the initial coherence between the singlet state and decoherence-sensitive bright state. We study the optimal parameter regime for fast entanglement preparation and the robustness of the fidelity against random noises. The numerical results show that a fidelity above 0.99 can be achieved around 0.4 ms with the current experimental parameters. The scheme may be generalized for preparation of more complicate multi-atom entangled states.
A time-dependent periodical field can be utilized to efficiently modify the Rabi coupling of system, exhibiting nontrivial dynamics. We propose a scheme to show that this feature can be utilized for speeding up the formation of dissipative steady entanglement based on the Rydberg antiblockade mechanism. When the modulation frequency is exactly equal to the central frequency of the driving field, a sufficient residence time of the two-excitation Rydberg state is allowed for an irreversible spontaneous decay onto the target state, leading to a steady entanglement with a high fidelity $\ensuremath{\sim}0.98$ and a shorter generation time $<400\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$. We show that a global maximal fidelity benefits from a consistence of microwave-field coupling and spontaneous decay strengths. The scheme manifests robust insensitivities towards the imperfect initialization, the fluctuations of van der Waals interaction, and the modulation frequency. This simple approach to facilitate the generation of dissipative entangled two-qubit states may guide an experimental direction in Rydberg quantum technology and quantum information.
Abstract By using the Lyapunov control approach—an optimization algorithm, we propose a dissipative scheme for efficiently preparing the three-dimensional entangled state of two Rydberg atoms, which subject to Rydberg–Rydberg interactions at the antiblockade regime. The steady target state is the unique dark state of the two-atom system, and is achieved with high fidelity under the Rydberg pumping and the atomic spontaneous emission. The time required to settle into the high-fidelity steady state is greatly accelerated by the help of Lyapunov control, which takes effects while the system is initially prepared in the states containing coherence between the dark state and decoherence-sensitive bright states. The numerical results show that a fidelity of the steady three-dimensional entangled state above 0.99 can be achieved around 2.2 ms with the current experimental conditions. We study in detail the optimal control parameters and show the robustness of the scheme against random noises. The scheme may be generalized for preparation of more complicate multi-atom entangled states.
A scheme is proposed for dissipative generation of maximally entanglement between two Rydberg atoms in the context of cavity QED. The spontaneous emission of atoms combined with quantum Zeno dynamics and the Rydberg antiblockade guarantees a unique steady solution of the master equation of the system, which just corresponds to the antisymmetric Bell state $|S\ensuremath{\rangle}$. The convergence rate can be accelerated by the ground-state blockade mechanism of Rydberg atoms. Meanwhile the effect of cavity decay is suppressed by the Zeno requirement, leading to a steady-state fidelity about 9090%90 as the single-atom cooperativity parameter $C\ensuremath{\equiv}{g}^{2}/(\ensuremath{\kappa}\ensuremath{\gamma})=10$, and this restriction is further relaxed to C=5.2C=5.2C=5.2 once the quantum-jump-based feedback control is exploited.
Based on Lyapunov control, a scheme is proposed to accelerate dissipation dynamics for the generation of high-fidelity entanglement between two Rydberg atoms in the context of cavity QED. We first use quantum Zeno dynamics and the Rydberg antiblockade to find a unique steady state (two-atom singlet state) for the system. Then, we apply additional coherent control (ACC) fields to improve the evolution speed of the dissipative system. The ACC fields are designed based on the target state and they vanish gradually along with increasing of the fidelity; thus, the system is guaranteed to be finally stable. Additionally, the current accelerated scheme is checked to be robust against systematic and amplitude-noise errors.
Through analyzing the effective dynamics of two Rydberg atoms under the dispersive coupling process, we give a method to modify the traditional antiblockade regime with simultaneous driving without adding any extra controls and resources. The modified regime can be used to construct controlled-PHASE and controlled-NOT gates in one step without manipulating the shape and amplitude, and tailoring sequences of the driving pulses. For the controlled-PHASE gate, only one pumping process from the ground state to the Rydberg state of each atom is required thus the resource is minimal. And the atomic addressability is not necessary. The scheme can be improved a lot after adding single-qubit operations since arbitrary phases can be achieved accurately with a short period of evolution time. For one-step construction of controlled-NOT gate, two schemes with high fidelities are given and discussed. Besides, the modified regime can also be used to improve the performance of the dissipation-based quantum entanglement preparation scheme. The optimal value of the modified condition for entanglement preparation is discussed for a wide range of parameters. Our study enriches the physics and applications of the simultaneous-driving-based Rydberg antiblockade regime without adding any operation complexity.