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SPIE Quantum West

Quantum systems will change the world (again), but not without photonics

Scott R. Davis

Published Mar 4, 2021• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

When systems are engineered to relay or extend “quantum weirdness” from the nanoscopic scale of atoms to the macroscopic scale of humans amazing things can happen. In the last century humans engineered periodic atomic lattices with quantized electronic energies to create semiconductors with bandgaps, thereby enabling the transistor. Similarly, humans captured photons and optical gain media in cavities to create photonic Bose-Einstein condensates, i.e., lasers. These twentieth century quantum systems (the transistor and the laser) ushered in the computer age and the information age, which changed the world. The twenty-first century generation of quantum systems is just emerging, and the disruptive potential is equally tantalizing. Almost all these emergent quantum systems require lasers and photonics, representing both an opportunity and a challenge. In this talk I will discuss the complexity of the lasers-for-quantum space, present the technical and economic landscape, and pose possible paths forward for how lasers and photonics can usher in a new quantum age.

DOI
10.1117/12.2593559

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When systems are engineered to relay or extend “quantum weirdness” from the nanoscopic scale of atoms to the macroscopic scale of humans amazing things can happen. In the last century humans engineered periodic atomic lattices with quantized electronic energies to create semiconductors with bandgaps, thereby enabling the transistor. Similarly, humans captured photons and optical gain media in cavities to create photonic Bose-Einstein condensates, i.e., lasers. These twentieth century quantum systems (the transistor and the laser) ushered in the computer age and the information age, which changed the world. The twenty-first century generation of quantum systems is just emerging, and the disruptive potential is equally tantalizing. Almost all these emergent quantum systems require lasers and photonics, representing both an opportunity and a challenge. In this talk I will discuss the complexity of the lasers-for-quantum space, present the technical and economic landscape, and pose possible paths forward for how lasers and photonics can usher in a new quantum age.
Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology has radically reshaped the world by taking humanity to the digital age. Cramming more transistors into the same physical space has enabled an exponential increase in computational performance, a strategy that has been recently hampered by the increasing complexity and cost of miniaturization. To continue achieving significant gains in computing performance, new computing paradigms, such as quantum computing, must be developed. However, finding the optimal physical system to process quantum information, and scale it up to the large number of qubits necessary to build a general-purpose quantum computer, remains a significant challenge. Recent breakthroughs in nanodevice engineering have shown that qubits can now be manufactured in a similar fashion to silicon field-effect transistors, opening an opportunity to leverage the know-how of the CMOS industry to address the scaling challenge. In this article, we focus on the analysis of the scaling prospects of quantum computing systems based on CMOS technology.
This talk will discuss how the Quantum “industry” might develop based on fifty-some years of laser industry history. Doing so is not easy given we have to parse through truth and over-exuberant truth on quantum computing. Initial growth of the laser industry came from the development of new lasers and instruments to enable RD. Growth accelerated as real applications were adopted. Funding for quantum technology development will come from governments and big-tech. There will be ample startup companies to supply tools but only a few will succeed. The likelihood is there will be more mergers and tech transfer.
Abstract When quantum theories were first formulated a century ago, who would have guessed how much technological developments originating from quantum physics shape the way we live and interact today. Whether we work on a computer, use our mobile phones, or get a diagnosis based on magnetic resonance imaging: The understanding of quantum mechanics is the basis for all these technologies. In photonics, the laser and light‐emitting diodes are prime examples, with a current market of more than 12 billion US dollars for lasers alone. Now there are new quantum technologies on the horizon, promising a second quantum revolution.
Quantum science and technology is a key cross-cutting scientific field of the twenty-first century, with a significant influence on critical societal challenges including climate change, energy, and more. The impact of technologies such as quantum computers, quantum sensors, and quantum communication systems is generally expected to become at least as dramatic as the inventions of semiconductors, transistors, lasers, and nuclear energy. By framing the quantum transformation of electric systems as a socio-technical challenge and acknowledging the intertwined nature of technology innovation with sociocultural, political, and economic factors, this chapter discusses the contextual specificities and techno-organisational infrastructures required for this transformation. The chapter pays special attention to the potential of quantum sensing for decentralising infrastructures, governance, and organisational structures and offers research directions to address the unprecedented challenges and opportunities presented by the quantum transformation of electric systems.
The exciting possibilities in the field of new quantum technologies extend far beyond the well-reported application of quantum computing. Precision timing, gravity sensors and imagers, cryptography, navigation, metrology, energy harvesting and recovery, biomedical sensors and imagers, and real-time optimisers all indicate the potential for quantum technologies to provide the basis of a technological revolution. From the field of Systems Engineering emerges a focused strategy for the development cycle, enabling the existence of hugely complex products. It is through the adoption of systems thinking that the semiconductor industry has achieved massive industrial and economic impact. Quantum technologies rely on delicate, non-local and/or entangled degrees of freedom - leading to great potential, but also posing new challenges to the development of products and industries. We discuss some of the challenges and opportunities regarding the implementation of Systems Engineering and systems thinking into the quantum technologies space.