If the isolated system of bosons and fermions was initially in a pure maximally entangled quantum state, then, as a result of decoherence caused by the creation and annihilation of particles, this system not only enters a mixed state but also achieves equilibrium. The time of such a transition does not depend on the size of the system but is determined only by the properties of the particles. This phenomenon allows the problem of the horizon (the homogeneity of the universe) to be solved, since the transition time of different parts of the universe (if they were originally entangled with each other) to equilibrium will not depend on their sizes, and the speed of the interaction may be greater than the speed of light. Based on the decay of entangled states, the problem of the predominance of matter over antimatter in the universe can also be solved.
If the isolated system of bosons and fermions was initially in a pure maximally entangled quantum state, then, as a result of decoherence caused by the creation and annihilation of particles, this system not only enters a mixed state but also achieves equilibrium. The time of such a transition does not depend on the size of the system but is determined only by the properties of the particles. This phenomenon allows the problem of the horizon (the homogeneity of the universe) to be solved, since the transition time of different parts of the universe (if they were originally entangled with each other) to equilibrium will not depend on their sizes, and the speed of the interaction may be greater than the speed of light. Based on the decay of entangled states, the problem of the predominance of matter over antimatter in the universe can also be solved.
Abstract Since they were born before physical achievements in question, light and matter waves, which have almost no physical properties, are abstract purely mathematical concepts rather than objects. The result of the double-slit test, a series of dark and bright streaks, was determined to be caused by interfering light waves. However, this plausible principle does not stand up to scientific scrutiny, and it is not difficult to find many flaws in the conclusion upon further study. For example, (1) the principle of generating multiple regular dark stripes cannot be found in the mathematical model. (2) In the mathematical model, the location where the dark stripe should appear most is actually the spot with the highest brightness. (3) Since the quantum property must be expressed in the process of interference, interference will not be triggered if all conditions are not met at the same time, and therefore, the principle of interference will be rejected. (4) Since the light comes from the radiation of the electron transition, it is impossible to generate a light source in a slit that may be a vacuum. (5) Interfering light waves can be subdivided into multiple parts and proliferate greatly. (6) A headless wave of light left outside the screen after the head disappears can still induce much interference. (7) There is no interference effect caused by reflected light waves. (8) The effect of polarization direction on interference is neglected, and the interference condition is incomplete. (9) In the causality test, to verify the effect of collapse, the photon that has collapsed into a particle should be tested again with a double slit test. (10) Whether the phenomenon of "observation determines outcome" is tampered with by observation. (11) When the phase is shifted π or the signal is reversed, waves become negative waves capable of annihilating themselves, which is typical of antimatter. In this case, matter and antimatter are conjoined. (12) If the general law of waves is followed, not only the targeted light wave passes through the slit. (13) The original version of the double-slit test cannot be reproduced, and the test results are different from those presented by contemporary technology. (14) Waves must obey Fourier's principle, but light waves, quantum waves and matter waves do not. (15) The modulation effect that waves must produce is not present in optical fiber communication. (16) If the light from different slits must interfere with each other, a mask full of slits will cause the lithographer to fail. (17) Since the size is much smaller than the wavelength, the photon is only a sampling of the light wave, but the corresponding physical properties are not presented. (18) The fact that the two stars orbiting each other do not change color only proves that the phenomenon of redshift is impossible but does not support the inference that the speed of light is constant. (19) The Michelson-Morley test process is not open and transparent enough, and pinhole diffraction and mechanical processing using broken lines instead of curves cannot be ruled out. In conclusion, Newton's particle model was wrong, but neither was the light wave theory.
Abstract Since they were born before the physical achievements in question, light and matter waves, which have almost no physical properties, are abstract purely mathematical concepts rather than objects. The result of the double-slit test, a series of dark and bright streaks, was determined to be caused by interfering light waves. However, this plausible principle does not stand up to scientific scrutiny, and it is not difficult to find many flaws in the conclusion upon further study. Such as: (1) The principle of generating multiple regular dark stripes cannot be found in the mathematical model. (2) In the mathematical model, the location where the dark stripe should appear most is actually the spot with the highest brightness. (3) Since the quantum property must be expressed in the process of interference, the interference will not be triggered if all conditions are not met at the same time, and therefore the principle of interference will be rejected. (4) Since the light comes from the radiation of the electron transition, it is impossible to generate a light source in a slit that may be a vacuum. (5) Interfering light waves can be subdivided into multiple parts and proliferated greatly. (6) A headless wave of light left outside the screen after the head disappears can still induce a lot of interference. (7) There is no interference effect caused by reflected light waves. (8) The effect of polarization direction on interference is neglected and the interference condition is incomplete. (9) In the causality test, to verify the effect of collapse, the photon that has collapsed into a particle should be tested again with a double slit test. (10) Whether the phenomenon of "observation determines outcome" is tampered with by observation. (11) When the phase is shifted π or the signal is reversed, waves become negative waves capable of annihilating themselves, which is typical of antimatter. In this case, matter and antimatter are conjoined. (12) If the general law of waves is followed, not only the targeted light wave passes through the slit. (13) The original version of the double-slit test cannot be reproduced, and the test results are different from those presented by contemporary technology. (14) Waves must obey Fourier's principle, but light waves, quantum waves and matter waves do not. (15) The modulation effect that waves must produce is not present in optical fiber communication. (16) If the light from different slits must interfere with each other, a mask full of slits will cause the lithographer to fail. (17) Since the size is much smaller than the wavelength, the photon is only a sampling of the light wave, but the corresponding physical properties are not presented. (18) The fact that the two stars orbiting each other do not change color only proves that the phenomenon of redshift is impossible, but does not support the inference that the speed of light is constant. (19) The Michelson-Morley test process is not open and transparent enough, and pinhole diffraction and mechanical processing using broken lines instead of curves cannot be ruled out. In conclusion: Newton's particle model was wrong but neither was the light wave theory.
Abstract Discoveries of fundamental limits for the rates of physical processes, from the speed of light to the Lieb–Robinson bound for information propagation 1,2 , often lead to breakthroughs in the understanding of the underlying physics. Here we observe such a limit for a paradigmatic many-body phenomenon, the spreading of coherence during the formation of a weakly interacting Bose–Einstein condensate 3–18 . We study condensate formation in an isolated homogeneous atomic gas 19,20 that is initially far from equilibrium, in an incoherent low-energy state, and condenses as it relaxes towards equilibrium. Tuning the interatomic interactions that drive condensation, we show that the spreading of coherence through the system is initially slower for weaker interactions and faster for stronger ones, but always eventually reaches the same limit, at which the square of the coherence length grows at a universal rate given by the ratio of Planck’s constant and the particle mass, or, equivalently, by the quantum of velocity circulation associated with a quantum vortex. These observations are robust to changes in the initial state, the gas density, and the system size. Our results provide benchmarks for theories of universality far from equilibrium 21–34 , are relevant for quantum technologies that rely on large-scale coherence, and invite similar measurements in other systems.