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Journal of Physics A Mathematical and Theoretical

Quantum state transmission through a spin chain in finite-temperature heat baths

Zhao-Ming Wang, Feng-Hua Ren, Da-Wei Luo, Zhan-Yuan Yan, Lian-Ao Wu

Published Feb 17, 2021• 20 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Transmission of a quantum state is essential for performing quantum information processing tasks. The communication channel will be inevitably immersed in its surrounding environment under realistic conditions. In this paper, we investigate the influence of environment noise on the transmission fidelity when transferring a quantum state through a spin chain. The non-Markovian open system dynamics is systematically analyzed by using the quantum state diffusion equation method. With each spin immersed in its own finite temperature and non-Markovian heat bath, we consider three types of system–bath interaction: dephasing, dissipation and spin-boson. The transmission fidelity is found to decrease with the increasing bath temperature and system–bath coupling strength. Interestingly, we find that the bath non-Markovianity can help enhancing the transmission fidelity.

DOI
10.1088/1751-8121/abe751

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Abstract Transmission of a quantum state is essential for performing quantum information processing tasks. The communication channel will be inevitably immersed in its surrounding environment under realistic conditions. In this paper, we investigate the influence of environment noise on the transmission fidelity when transferring a quantum state through a spin chain. The non-Markovian open system dynamics is systematically analyzed by using the quantum state diffusion equation method. With each spin immersed in its own finite temperature and non-Markovian heat bath, we consider three types of system–bath interaction: dephasing, dissipation and spin-boson. The transmission fidelity is found to decrease with the increasing bath temperature and system–bath coupling strength. Interestingly, we find that the bath non-Markovianity can help enhancing the transmission fidelity.
We investigate the influence of environment noise on the control cost and the quantum speed limit time (QSLT) in the process of almost-exact state transmission (AEST) through a spin chain under pulse control. The chain is immersed in its surrounding non-Markovian, finite-temperature heat baths. We find that AEST can be realized in weak system-bath coupling, low temperature, and strong non-Markovian baths under effective external control. Correspondingly, the control cost and QSLT increase with increasing bath temperature and coupling strength. It is noticeable that non-Markovianity from the baths can be helpful to reduce the control cost and shorten the QSLT. Furthermore, we find that there exists a trade-off between the control cost and transmission fidelity and that higher fidelity requires higher cost. In addition, the minimum control cost has been found to obtain certain transmission fidelity.
We investigate the time-dependent behaviour of the energy current between a quantum spin chain and its surrounding non-Markovian and finite temperature baths, together with its relationship to the coherence dynamics of the system. To be specific, both the system and the baths are assumed to be initially in thermal equilibrium at temperature Ts and Tb, respectively. This model plays a fundamental role in study of quantum system evolution towards thermal equilibrium in an open system. The non-Markovian quantum state diffusion (NMQSD) equation approach is used to calculate the dynamics of the spin chain. The effects of non-Markovianity, temperature difference and system-bath interaction strength on the energy current and the corresponding coherence in cold and warm baths are analyzed, respectively. We show that the strong non-Markovianity, weak system-bath interaction and low temperature difference will help to maintain the system coherence and correspond to a weaker energy current. Interestingly, the warm baths destroy the coherence while the cold baths help to build coherence. Furthermore, the effects of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction and the external magnetic field on the energy current and coherence are analyzed. Both energy current and coherence will change due to the increase of the system energy induced by the DM interaction and magnetic field. Significantly, the minimal coherence corresponds to the critical magnetic field which causes the first order phase transition.
Control of the dynamics of an open quantum system is crucial in quantum information processing. Basically there are two ways: one is the control on the system and the other is tuning the bath parameters. In this paper, we use the latter to analyze the non-Markovian dynamics of the open system. The model is that the system is immersed in non-Markovian squeezed baths. For the dynamics, a non-Markovian master eqation is obtained using the quantum state diffusion (QSD) equation technique for the weak system-bath couplings. We use the adiabatic evolution or quantum state transmission as examples to analyze the effects of the bath parameters: non-Markovianity γγγ, the squeezed direction θθθ and squeezed strength rrr. For the adiabatic or state transmission fidelity, the calculation results show that they both can be enhanced by a smaller γγγ or bigger ppp-quadrature. Interestingly, when 0<θ<π/20<θ<π/20<θ<π/2, the squeezed quadrature is determined by the combination of rrr and θθθ, and by numerical simulation we find that the fidelity peak occurs at r=1−2θ/πr=1-2θ/πr=1−2θ/π. The fidelities increase with increasing rrr when r∈(0,1−2θ/π]r\in (0,1-2θ/π]r∈(0,1−2θ/π]. When θ≥π/2θ\geπ/2θ≥π/2, lower fidelities are obtained due to the squeezed bath. Our results show that the dynamics of the open systems can be effectively controlled by reservoir enginerring.
We study non Markovian quantum systems for communication of quantum information. The quantum capacities of an exactly solvable spin-star system are analytically determined.Our results show that they strongly depend on the bath frequencies and system-bath coupling.The Ising spin-bath becomes noisy as the bath temperature is increased decreasing its capacity to transmit information.For random couplings and bath frequencies, recurrences of coherence are small in amplitude and rapidly die out. However, full periodic recurrences occur for equal coupling and frequencies. For small number of bath spins, the capacities are higher at low temperature.We also study two time-correlated non-unital channels for the transmission of classical and quantum information, provided limited or unlimited entanglement is shared prior to the communication.The noise over two successive uses of the channel is assumed to be time-correlated Markov noise.For amplitude-damping channel, the capacities exhibit strong dependence on channel memory.They decrease as the channel noise increases and reduce to zero when noise is maximum. However, our results show that the capacities are always non-zero, in the presence of channel memory.This is similar to the superactivation phenomenon. For perfect memory channel, the capacities acquire maximum value.Finally, we determine the entanglement-assisted classical capacity of generalized amplitude-damping channel. Our results show that depending on the channel noise and system-reservoir coupling, there exists a memory threshold.Below this threshold, the capacity decreases as channel memory increases.However, the capacity increases with memory beyond this threshold and is maximum for perfect memory channels.
Understanding heat transfer between a quantum system and its environment is of grave importance if reliable quantum devices are to be constructed. Here, the heat transfer between the system and bath in non-Markovian open quantum systems in the process of adiabatic speedup is investigated. Using the quantum state diffusion equation method, the heat current, energy current and the power are calculated during the free evolution and under external control of the system. While the heat current increases with increasing system-bath coupling strength and bath temperature, the non-Markovian nature of the bath can restrict the heat current. Without pulse control, the heat current is nearly equal to energy current. However, with pulse control, the energy current is nearly equal to the power. We show that more non-Markovian baths can be used to better approximate an adiabatic evolution and have a smaller heat current. Our results reveal that the non-Markovian nature of the bath significantly contributes to both the heat transfer rate as well as the effective adiabatic speedup.
We investigate the influence of environmental noise on spin networks and spin chains. In addition to the common model of an independent bath for each spin in the system we also consider noise with a finite spatial correlation length. We present the emergence of decoherence-free subspaces and different dynamics with increasing correlation length for both dephasing and dissipating environments. This leads to relaxation blocking of one spin by uncoupled surrounding spins. We then consider perfect state transfer through a spin chain in the presence of decoherence and discuss the dependence of the transfer quality on spatial noise correlation length. We identify qualitatively different features for dephasing and dissipative environments in spin-transfer problems.