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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Simulation detection based on single photon quantum key distribution protocol

Xinlei Liu, Cheng-Qiu Hu, Maopo Yin, L Jin

Published Feb 1, 2021• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract With the continuous development of quantum communication in recent years, quantum key distribution (QKD) has also become a key technology in the field of quantum communication. Due to the limitation of physical resources and experimental conditions, the effectiveness of different communication protocols cannot be accurately analyzed. To solve this problem, a protocol simulation method is proposed, BB84 and B92 protocols are simulated and analyzed on a classic computer by this method. On the Eclipse IDE Developers platform, the simulation program of the quantum communication protocol was written using Java language, the simulation process under the ideal environment and the eavesdropping environment was analyzed with emphasis. The simulation results show that the key distribution efficiency of BB84 is about 50% without eavesdroppers, which is much higher than 25% of B92, and the key distribution efficiency under eavesdropping conditions is about 25% and 18%. The experimental results are consistent with theoretical expectations, verifying the correctness of the protocol simulation, and also proving the feasibility of using computers for quantum communication protocol simulation.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/1812/1/012005

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Abstract With the continuous development of quantum communication in recent years, quantum key distribution (QKD) has also become a key technology in the field of quantum communication. Due to the limitation of physical resources and experimental conditions, the effectiveness of different communication protocols cannot be accurately analyzed. To solve this problem, a protocol simulation method is proposed, BB84 and B92 protocols are simulated and analyzed on a classic computer by this method. On the Eclipse IDE Developers platform, the simulation program of the quantum communication protocol was written using Java language, the simulation process under the ideal environment and the eavesdropping environment was analyzed with emphasis. The simulation results show that the key distribution efficiency of BB84 is about 50% without eavesdroppers, which is much higher than 25% of B92, and the key distribution efficiency under eavesdropping conditions is about 25% and 18%. The experimental results are consistent with theoretical expectations, verifying the correctness of the protocol simulation, and also proving the feasibility of using computers for quantum communication protocol simulation.
The security of information in Internet-based communication is essential. The existence of tappers to make information can be known by unauthorized parties, and it will give a fake information from the previous one. As technology develops, secure communication protocols become an important part. Quantum Key Distribution is a nowadays technology as a part of security improvement to overcome key distribution issues in against attackers. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) uses a quantum property in exchanging information called photons, as carriers of information in security systems. QKD is inseparable from protocols BB84 and B92, therefore the purposes of this paper are to test QuVis based on future work of previous research, analyze the probability error comparison of BB84 protocol, B92 protocol and simulator software review. The results of this research show that B92 protocol gives more advantage in detecting eavesdropping in lower rates than BB84 protocol and the software simulation is succeed by showing the value of probability key that can be used by Bob which does not cross the limit (0.5 and 0.25).
Quantum computing poses significant threats to conventional cryptographic techniques such as RSA and AES, motivating the need for quantum secure communication methods. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) offers information theoretic security based on fundamental quantum principles. This paper presents a simulation-based analysis of well-known QKD protocols, namely BB84, B92, and E91, using the IBM Qiskit framework. Realistic quantum channel effects, including noise, decoherence, and eavesdropping, are modeled to evaluate protocol performance. Key metrics such as error rate, secret key generation, and security characteristics are analyzed and compared. The study highlights practical challenges in QKD implementation, including hardware limitations and channel losses, and discusses insights toward scalable and robust quantum communication systems. The results support the feasibility of QKD as a promising solution for secure communication in the quantum era.
Essential role of Internet-based communication is the security of information. Classical Cryptography is based on mathematical models and computational complexity to compute the secret key. It does not provide enough security because finding a fast method to calculate the secret key will compromise the security of the system. Quantum Key Distribution is one of the most promising methods which provide unconditional security. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) uses a quantum property in exchanging information called photons, as carriers of information in security systems, and QKD cannot separate from protocols BB84, B92 and BBM92. In this paper, we are testing the probability error comparison of BB84 protocol, B92 protocol, and BBM92 using QuVis simulator software. The results show that the B92 protocol is more relevant in detecting eavesdropping in lower error rates than the other two protocols.
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) which is the name of cryptography in quantum environment act as the highest developed area in quantum communication and computing technology (QCIT). \n \nQKD is inventive technology which utilize the laws of quantum to create a cryptographic share key to make the communication system secure. The unique feature of QKD assures eavesdropping detectable during quantum communications which is fascinating for a high-level secure environment.Most of the traditional cryptographic methods which we use currently are based on mathematical scheme or Computational complexity theory which are not completely safe. Using quantum cryptography has been achieved extensive steps in communication security establishment. As the information Unit has been changed from “bit” to Quantum bit (Qubit), a new element has been offered that can guarantee the shared information confidentiality between parties. The confidentiality of system is established via exchanging a secret key through a channel of quantum, the key which we use for encrypting the shared data. This structure has quantum integration which has been developed by physics law and techniques of cryptography. \n \nThis thesis has proposed a modified version of QKD protocol, this new protocol will generate a cryptographic share key for a more efficient, lower cost and secure communication between two parties (sender and Receiver). This new protocol principal is similar to BBM92, but the source of photon moved to sender instead of third-party photon generator, following steps will be executed in this Experiment: \n \n•\tObserve different categories protocols of QKD in details \n•\tThe Quantum Mechanics Visualisation Project (QuVis) is the simulation software that has been used for implementing the proposed protocol [BB84 with spin] among the other three (BBM92, B92 and BB84). \n•\tProbability ratio of error will be tested and compared for all protocols, for this experiment 100 to 5000 photons will be sent. \n \nBy Analysing collected data in this experiment, it will be determined which one of this four protocols lead the detecting of eavesdropping. Simulation software accomplishes the value of error key probability which receiver can use and should not pass over the range limit of 0.25 & 0.5.
Quantum key distribution protocol is a hot spot of research in the information security, so, lots of Quantum key distribution protocol appeared. Every quantum protocol needs to be confirmed whether it is feasible and safe, if all those quantum protocols use physics experiment to verify, it is very complex and expensive. So, we introduce the platform, a functional platform for quantum key distribution protocols simulation. This platform introduces communication receiver、sender、establishment and protocol selection etc and it was designed on .NET IDE, the main programming language is C#. We simulated the existing BB84 protocol on this platform, and got the simulation results which were completely tallied with theoretic results．
Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables secure communication using the principles of quantum physics. The BB84 protocol is not only effective for secure key sharing but also for detecting eavesdropping. This study simulates a computational model of QKD and analyzes error rates under varying numbers of bits. Using Python-based simulations with n = 10, n = 100, and n = 1000 bits, and a fixed noise probability of 0.02, we evaluated scenarios both with and without eavesdropping over 1000 trials. The results show an average error rate of 2% without eavesdropping and over 26% with eavesdropping. Standard deviation increases with lower n, indicating higher variability. This study validates BB84’s robustness under noise and demonstrates its sensitivity to third-party interference.