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Laser Physics Letters

High-efficiency single-photon router in a network with multiple outports based on chiral waveguide–emitter couplings

Xin Wang, Zhen Yu Wu, Ling Li, Xiyun Li, Wen‐Xing Yang

Published Feb 19, 2021• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We propose a potentially practical scheme for constructing a quantum network based on a system where three waveguides are coupled to two two-level atoms. In the case of chiral couplings between the waveguides and atoms, we realize a directed single-photon router and the efficiency of single-photon routing reaches 100%. In addition, in this network, the photon input from one port of the channel can be fully routed to any outport of the other two channels by modulating the coupling strength of the waveguides and atoms and the frequency of the incident photon. Thus, a quantum network can be constructed based on our scheme. The influence of the ratio of chiral coupling strength on the properties of the single-photon router is also shown. We also show how the efficiency of routing is affected by system dissipation.

DOI
10.1088/1612-202x/abdfc9

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Abstract We propose a potentially practical scheme for constructing a quantum network based on a system where three waveguides are coupled to two two-level atoms. In the case of chiral couplings between the waveguides and atoms, we realize a directed single-photon router and the efficiency of single-photon routing reaches 100%. In addition, in this network, the photon input from one port of the channel can be fully routed to any outport of the other two channels by modulating the coupling strength of the waveguides and atoms and the frequency of the incident photon. Thus, a quantum network can be constructed based on our scheme. The influence of the ratio of chiral coupling strength on the properties of the single-photon router is also shown. We also show how the efficiency of routing is affected by system dissipation.
The chiral interaction between single photons in waveguides and quantum emitters has gained considerable attention. Here, we proposed a tunable quantum routing scheme with a chiral quantum system by coupling an emitter to two chiral waveguides. Conventional quantum routers can only be achieved with each port output probability no larger than 25%. But our scheme can transfer quantum information arbitrarily from an input port to another, and each port’s output probability is 100%. Besides, we investigated the influence of the Purcell factor in quantum routing properties. No matter how to change the size of the directionalities Sj or set a specific value to the dissipation of the emitter, we always found that the quantum routing has very high efficiency. Moreover, we also used a superconducting qubit coupled to two resonators to show the present scheme is pretty feasible for experimental implementation.
The photonic router is a key device in optical quantum networks. Conventional routers, however, can only transfer a photon from the input port to the desired port probabilistically. Here, we propose to use chiral photon-atom interactions for targeted routing that can transfer a single photon from the input port to an arbitrarily selected output port deterministically, i.e., with 100100%100 probability. The configuration of the proposed router consists of a driven three-level atom which is chirally coupled to two photonic waveguides simultaneously. It is shown that, by properly adjusting the driving field on the atom, a single photon inputting from one port of the first waveguide can be deterministically transferred to one of the selected output ports of the second waveguide. Both resonant and nonresonant photons can be deterministically routed to the desired ports. We also examine how the routing fidelity is influenced by dissipations and imperfections, and investigate the transmission characters of two resonant photons.
Abstract A quantum router is one of the essential elements in the quantum network. Conventional routers only direct a single photon from one quantum channel into another. Here, we propose a few-photon router. The active element of the router is a single qubit chirally coupled to two independent waveguides simultaneously, where each waveguide mode provides a quantum channel. By introducing the operators of the scatter-free space and the controllable space, the output state of the one-photon and two-photon scattering are derived analytically. It is found that the qubit can direct one and two photons from one port of the incident waveguide to an arbitrarily selected port of the other waveguide with unity, respectively. However, two photons cannot be simultaneously routed to the same port due to the anti-bunch effect.
Abstract The photon router plays an essential role in the optical quantum network. However, conventional routers generally couple photons chirally into waveguides to achieve complete transmission from the input port to the required port. Here, we use non-chiral photon-atom interactions for targeted routing. The system consists of two V-type three-level atoms and two parallel waveguides. In addition, the two atoms are driven by external coherent fields, respectively. With a real-space Hamiltonian, the probability of photon transmitted to four ports can be obtained. The study shows that a single photon input from the left port of the waveguide-a can be deterministically transferred to any of the four ports of the two waveguides by adjusting the detuning of the atom and the driving field on the atom, as well as the distance between the two atoms.
Abstract We investigate a T -shaped single-photon router constructed by two waveguides connected via a giant Λ-type three-level atom. Under a real-space approach, the analytical expressions of the single-photon transmission and reflection amplitudes are obtained. It is shown that a high transfer-rate routing between two waveguides can be effectively achieved by modulating the phase difference, the accumulated phase and the atom-waveguide coupling strengths, and its frequencies can be tuned with a classical driving field. Interestingly, chiral scattering and a single-photon targeted router with direction selectivity have been realized by the ideally equivalent atom-waveguide interaction. We believe that our results have potential applications in constructing optical quantum devices and designing the single-photon quantum routing using the giant-atom setup.
We investigate single photon transport in two waveguides coupled to a two-level quantum emitter (QE). With the deduced analytical scattering amplitudes, we show that under condition of the chiral coupling between the QE and the photon in the two waveguides, the QE can play the role of ideal quantum router to redirect a single photon incident from one waveguide into the other waveguide with a probability of 100% in the ideal condition. The influences of cross coupling between two waveguides and dissipations on the routing are also shown.