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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology

Enhancing Physical Layer Security With Artificial Noise in Large-Scale NOMA Networks

Caihong Gong, Xinwei Yue, Zhenyu Zhang, Xiyuan Wang, Xiaoming Dai

Published Feb 9, 2021• 96 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper investigates the secrecy outage performance for a large-scale downlink system with full-duplex (FD) non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) transmission aided by artificial noise (AN). In the system, legitimate users (LUs) are randomly distributed according to homogeneous Poisson point processes whereas a passive eavesdropper (Eve) is certainly located. We introduce a secure cooperative communication scheme, in which nearby NOMA users operating in FD mode act as jammers and generate AN to enhance the physical layer security (PLS) of the legitimate transmission. Closed-form expressions in terms of the secrecy outage probability (SOP) for a user pair are acquired. Following the mathematical results, secrecy diversity order analysis is further carried out for two scenarios, i.e., 1) fixed transmit signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the Eve, and 2) transmit SNR at the Eve being proportional to that of LUs. Closed-form expressions of asymptotic SOP for the two scenarios are also obtained. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to certify the veracity of the theoretic analysis and illustrate that the proposed scheme employing both AN and FD-NOMA is superior in the secrecy outage to the NOMA scheme without AN and the orthogonal multiple access scheme with AN. Furthermore, the SOP performance enhancement through proper secrecy rate target selection and power allocation optimization is also evidenced by the simulations.

DOI
10.1109/tvt.2021.3057661

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This paper investigates the secrecy outage performance for a large-scale downlink system with full-duplex (FD) non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) transmission aided by artificial noise (AN). In the system, legitimate users (LUs) are randomly distributed according to homogeneous Poisson point processes whereas a passive eavesdropper (Eve) is certainly located. We introduce a secure cooperative communication scheme, in which nearby NOMA users operating in FD mode act as jammers and generate AN to enhance the physical layer security (PLS) of the legitimate transmission. Closed-form expressions in terms of the secrecy outage probability (SOP) for a user pair are acquired. Following the mathematical results, secrecy diversity order analysis is further carried out for two scenarios, i.e., 1) fixed transmit signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the Eve, and 2) transmit SNR at the Eve being proportional to that of LUs. Closed-form expressions of asymptotic SOP for the two scenarios are also obtained. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to certify the veracity of the theoretic analysis and illustrate that the proposed scheme employing both AN and FD-NOMA is superior in the secrecy outage to the NOMA scheme without AN and the orthogonal multiple access scheme with AN. Furthermore, the SOP performance enhancement through proper secrecy rate target selection and power allocation optimization is also evidenced by the simulations.
The massive connectivity requirement and security issues have become major factors restricting the further development of the Internet of Things. Nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) can be combined with physical layer security (PLS) to achieve massive connectivity and secure transmission. This article investigates the PLS performance for a downlink communication system over Nakagami-m fading channels, with full-duplex (FD) cooperative NOMA transmission aided by artificial noise (AN). While direct communication is built between the base station and two NOMA users, the strong user is employed as an FD relay as well as the jammer to enhance the PLS of the legitimate transmission in the presence of a passive eavesdropper (Eve). Closed-form analytical expressions in terms of the outage probability of the legitimate users and the intercept probability of Eve are derived to evaluate the security–reliability trade-off (SRT) of the proposed scheme. Monte Carlo simulations are provided to validate the veracity of the theoretic analyses and illustrate that the proposed scheme is superior in terms of SRT to the benchmark schemes in the low SNR region. Furthermore, the results reveal that the SRT performance of the two NOMA users can be enhanced through a proper AN-bearing ratio and power allocation optimization.
In this paper, we investigate an artificial-noise (AN) aided secure transmission for non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) full-duplex (FD) relay network. We propose a novel joint NOMA and AN-aided full-duplex relay (NOMA-ANFDR) scheme to enhance the physical security. In this scheme, the optimal power allocation between the information and the AN signal is determined such that the capacity of the two end-to-end (i.e., two source-relay-destination pairs) channel are maximized to ensure the highest quality of cooperative transmission. To fully examine the benefits of the NOMA-ANFDR scheme, we derive a new closed-form expression for the secrecy outage probability.We show that the NOMA-ANFDR scheme significantly outperforms the joint NOMA and AN in half-duplex relay (NOMA-ANHDR) scheme as well as the NOMA-HDR scheme in terms of minimum secrecy outage probability and effect secrecy throughout. This result indicates that adopting the joint of FD and AN technique at relays can effectively enhance the physical layer secrecy performance in the NOMA cooperative network.
This paper does the study on the performance of the physical layer secrecy of nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) in downlink cooperative. The given system includes one source, multiple legitimate user pairs in the form of an eavesdropper. By applying the decode-and-forward (DF) scheme, a good user will take the information from the source to send it to the bad user in every pair, we assume that the eavesdropper will spend effort to decode the message from the bad user. To enhance the secrecy performance of given system, the artificial noise cooperative transmission scheme named ANCOTRAS is suggested. To assess the performance of the suggested scheme, we obtained the lower bound and exact closed-form expressions of secrecy outage probability by implementing statistical characteristics of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and signalto-interferenceplus-noise ratio (SINR). Furthermore, the secrecy performance of given system is studied basing on key parameters (including the power allocation ratio), average transmit power and amount of user pair for verifying the suggested scheme. At the end, the accuracy of final analytical outcome is reassured by using the Monte-Carlo simulation results.
Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is an important technology for the forthcoming 5 G and beyond. However, its privacy often suffers from adversarial eavesdropping, especially for the users with higher transmit power. In this paper, we propose a jamming-aided secure transmission scheme for cooperative NOMA networks with a full-duplex (FD) relay. In this scheme, two pairs of users perform secure transmission with the help of a decode-forward (DF) relay, which forwards information and generates artificial jamming to counteract eavesdropping. The precoding vectors are designed to zero-force the artificial jamming at legal receivers. Then, the channel statistics are calculated, based on which the secrecy rates of legitimate signals are analyzed and the expressions of secrecy outage probability (SOP) are derived. Furthermore, three benchmark schemes are also presented with their performance analyzed to verify the advantage of the proposed scheme. Simulation results show the accuracy of our analysis, and demonstrate that the proposed scheme can effectively reduce the SOP and improve the effective secrecy throughput via artificial jamming and FD relaying.
We have proposed and analyzed secrecy performance of a network architecture which contains a source, two destinations, a friendly jammer (FJ) and an eavesdropper (Eve). To jam the Eve in order to secure the confidential information of both users, the FJ sends a jamming signal while the source sends the combined information signal using non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technique to both the users. A known jamming is considered which is known by both the users. Both the users subtract the known jamming from the received signal and then decode the information signal as per the NOMA technique. We analyzed the physical layer security of the network in terms of the secrecy outage probability (SOP) where the two users have different target secrecy rates. A closed form expression of the SOP is developed. We have analyzed the SOP under the impact of several numerical parameters such as: source transmit signal to noise ratio (SNR), FJ transmit SNR, fraction of source transmit power, and different target secrecy rates. For a fixed transmit SNR of the FJ, we obtain an optimal value of the source transmit SNR at which SOP is minimized. These analyzed results are also supported by the MATLAB based simulation results.
In non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems, serving multiple users in shared resource blocks can allow untrusted users to overhear the messages of other users. In this context, we study a network consisting of a base station (BS), a near user and a far user, where the latter attempts to overhear the message of the former. The near user is a full-duplex (FD) node that can also act as a relay. Two operating scenarios are considered: 1) friendly jammer (FJ), where the FD node broadcasts noise for degrading the channel between the BS and the far user, while receiving data from the BS; and 2) friendly jammer relay (FJR), where, in addition to degrading the channel between the BS and the far user, the FD node relays the message of the far user. We investigate the secrecy performance of the network by characterizing the secrecy outage probability (SOP) in both scenarios. We obtain the exact SOP of the FJ case, and an approximation for the SOP of the FJR scenario, both expressed in closed-form. Numerical results confirm the accuracy of the analytical results. For a given BS power budget and power allocation to the users, it is demonstrated that the jamming and relaying powers are prominent factors to make the NOMA-FJR scheme superior to NOMA-FJ, as well as to conventional and cooperative NOMA schemes.