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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics

Decorated Ising Chain in a Magnetic Field

E. S. Tsuvarev, Felix A. Kassan-Ogly

Published Dec 1, 2020• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract The Kramers–Wannier transfer matrix method is generalized to an arbitrary decoration number of the Ising chain. An exact analytical expression is obtained for the largest eigenvalue of the transfer matrix of a decorated Ising chain in the presence of an external magnetic field. Frustration points and the values of frustration magnetic fields are found that depend on the magnitudes and signs of exchange interactions. Exact expressions are obtained for zero-temperature entropies and zero-temperature magnetizations of the model under consideration. Magnetic phase diagrams of the ground state of the system are constructed for decoration values of d = 1 and d = 2, including those in the absence of a magnetic field. A comparison is made with a decorated square lattice not only in the absence but also in the presence of a magnetic field.

DOI
10.1134/s1063776120120122

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Abstract The Kramers–Wannier transfer matrix method is generalized to an arbitrary decoration number of the Ising chain. An exact analytical expression is obtained for the largest eigenvalue of the transfer matrix of a decorated Ising chain in the presence of an external magnetic field. Frustration points and the values of frustration magnetic fields are found that depend on the magnitudes and signs of exchange interactions. Exact expressions are obtained for zero-temperature entropies and zero-temperature magnetizations of the model under consideration. Magnetic phase diagrams of the ground state of the system are constructed for decoration values of d = 1 and d = 2, including those in the absence of a magnetic field. A comparison is made with a decorated square lattice not only in the absence but also in the presence of a magnetic field.
Using the Kramers-Wannier transfer matrix method we studied several decorated Ising chains. The exact expressions for thermodynamic characteristics, including the ground state characteristics, were obtained. We considered a number of modeling chains with different signs and absolute values of exchange constants for the nearest- and the next-nearest neighbors. For these models we calculated the magnetization curves. The critical values of magnetic fields and corresponding magnetization plateau parameters were obtained. Analytic expressions for the ground state entropy were obtained for the chains with different interaction constants. The dependencies of the number of states with minimum energy (the degeneration of the ground state) as the function of the number of particles were found. It was shown that these dependencies are expressed in terms of well-known numerical sequences - Lucas numbers and Pell numbers, which, in the limit of a large number of particles, are proportional to the powers of the golden and silver sections. Therefore, the ground state entropy (per particle) of the systems under consideration can be described in terms of these sections and, therefore, is nonzero.
Abstract Results on the generalization of the Ising model to an arbitrary number of translations of a linear chain in an external magnetic field, taking into account various interactions between spins, are presented. An exact analytical expression has been derived for the largest eigenvalue of the Kramers–Wannier transfer matrix with a translation per two chain periods in an external magnetic field when the nearest and second neighbors are taken into account. Exact expressions have been established for the zero-temperature entropies and magnetizations at various magnitudes and signs of the exchange interactions and the magnetic field. Many of the zero-temperature entropies and zero-temperature magnetizations found are represented via the so-called mathematical ratios long known in the wonderful world of number mathematics (the golden ratio φ, the silver ratio δ, the supergolden ratio ψ, the plastic number ρ, and new (nameless) ones). A result whereby the frustrating entropies and magnetizations can be expressed via the limit of the ratio of certain number sequences without invoking the formalism of the Kramers–Wannier transfer matrix has been obtained.
Using the Kramers–Wannier transfer matrix method, we studied several decorated Ising chains. The exact expressions for thermodynamic characteristics, including the ground state characteristics, were obtained. We considered several modeling chains with different signs and absolute values of exchange constants for the nearest- and the next-nearest neighbors. For these models, we calculated the magnetization curves. The critical values of magnetic fields and corresponding magnetization plateau parameters were obtained. Analytic expressions for the ground state entropy were obtained for the chains with different interaction constants. The dependencies of the number of states with minimum energy (the degeneration of the ground state) as the function of the number of particles were found. It was shown that these dependencies are expressed in terms of well-known numerical sequences, namely Lucas numbers and Pell numbers, which, in the limit of a large number of particles, are proportional to the powers of the golden and silver sections. Therefore, the ground state entropy (per particle) of the systems under consideration can be described in terms of these sections and, therefore, is nonzero.
In this paper, we performed the comprehensive studies of magnetic frustration properties in the Ising model on a decorated square lattice in the framework of an exact analytical approach based on the Kramers-Wannier transfer matrix method. The assigned challenge consisted in finding rigorous formulas for residual entropies of all possible cases of degeneration of the system without exception and also elucidating the influence of frustrations on the behavior of the thermodynamic functions of the system under discussion. The accomplished results turned out to be very rich and intricate, especially in comparison with the original undecorated square lattice, in which frustration properties are completely absent. Such an abundance of properties is due to the multiparametric problem of decorated lattice with four exchange interactions J_{x}, J_{y}, J_{dx}, and J_{dy} taking on arbitrary continuous values and different signs: positive (ferromagnetic) and negative (antiferromagnetic), as well as with two discrete variables d_{x} and d_{y} (multiplicities of decorating spins in both lattice directions), corresponding to infinite natural series of numbers.
Abstract The frustration properties of the Ising model on a one-dimensional monoatomic equidistant lattice are investigated taking into account the exchange interactions of atomic spins at the sites of the first (nearest), second (next-nearest) and third neighbors. The exact solution of the model was obtained using the Kramers–Wannier transfer matrix method. The types of magnetic ordering of the ground state of the model are determined, and a magnetic phase diagram is constructed. Criteria are formulated for the occurrence of magnetic frustrations in the presence of competition between the energies of exchange interactions. Non-zero entropy values in the ground state of the frustrated system were found.