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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Microwave-to-optical transduction of an audio signal in a thermal vapor

А. А. Третьяков, C. A. Potts, Timothy Lee, M. J. Thiessen, J. P. Davis, Lindsay J. LeBlanc

Published Jun 4, 2020• 0 citations
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Atomic vapors offer many opportunities for manipulating electromagnetic signals across a broad range of electromagnetic spectra. Here, a microwave signal with an audio frequency modulation encodes information in an optical signal by exploiting an atomic microwave-to-optical double resonance and magnetic-field coupling that is amplified by a resonant high-Q microwave cavity. Using this approach, audio signals are encoded as amplitude or frequency modulations in a GHz carrier, transmitted through a cable or over free space, demodulated through cavity-enhanced atom-microwave interactions, and, finally, optically detected to extract the original information. This atom-cavity signal transduction technique provides a powerful means by which to transfer information between microwave and optical fields, all using a relatively simple experimental setup without active electronics.
Information transfer between a microwave field and light, also known as microwave-to optical transduction, is a key area of research in quantum communication technology aimed at developing an interface between the superconducting processing devices operating at microwave frequencies and optical photons used for transferring quantum information over distance. Atomic vapors offer a good platform for such interfaces since they naturally support transitions at microwave and optical frequencies. In this work, we explored microwave-to-optical transduction in rubidium ensembles. We proposed a transduction method based on microwave-optical double resonance, where we can control the ensemble optical properties via non-linear interactions with a microwave magnetic field. With this method, we demonstrate the transduction of an audio signal from frequency-modulated and amplitude-modulated microwave fields to optical intensity modulation. We also present a protocol for engineering atomic spin polarization with microwave-assisted optical pumping and consider its applications for polarization-selective frequency conversion and microwave-controlled optical rotation.