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Conclusive tests of local realism and pseudoscalar mesons

Marco Genovese, Novero, C, E. Predazzi

Published Jun 4, 2001• 17 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Many beautiful experiments have been addressed to test standard quantum mechanics against local realistic models. Even if a strong evidence favouring standard quantum mechanics is emerged, a conclusive experiment is still lacking, because of low detection efficiencies. Recently, experiments based on pseudoscalar mesons have been proposed as a way for obtaining a conclusive experiment. In this paper, we investigate if this result can effectively be obtained. Our conclusions, based on a careful analysis of the proposed set ups, are that this will not be possible due to intrinsic limitations of these kind of experiments.

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Many beautiful experiments have been addressed to test standard quantum mechanics against local realistic models. Even if a strong evidence favouring standard quantum mechanics is emerged, a conclusive experiment is still lacking, because of low detection efficiencies. Recently, experiments based on pseudoscalar mesons have been proposed as a way for obtaining a conclusive experiment. In this paper, we investigate if this result can effectively be obtained. Our conclusions, based on a careful analysis of the proposed set ups, are that this will not be possible due to intrinsic limitations of these kind of experiments.
Quantum mechanics is strictly incompatible with local realism. It has been shown by Bell and others that it is possible, in principle, to experimentally differentiate between local realism and quantum mechanics. Numerous experiments have attempted to falsify local realism; however, they have consistently failed to close the detection loophole under strict locality conditions, thereby allowing local realistic explanations for their observations. In 2015, three experiments took place that tested local realism without the impediments of these significant loopholes. Between these three experiments, a substantial data set was collected. All of the collected data show a strong violation of local realism and strong support for quantum mechanics. This article reviews the theoretical basis of Bell tests and the affiliated loopholes, as well as the methods employed by these recent experiments and the implications of the results they observed. La mécanique quantique est strictement incompatible avec le réalisme local. Bell et d’autres scientifiques ont montré qu’il est possible, en théorie, de trouver la différence entre le réalisme local et la mécanique quantique expérimentalement. De nombreuses expériences ont tenté de falsifier le réalisme local; cependant, elles ont toujours échoué à combler la faille de détection dans des conditions de localité strictes, permettant ainsi des explications réalistes locales pour leurs observations. En 2015, trois expériences ont testé le réalisme local sans les entraves de ces failles importantes. Entre ces trois expériences, des données substantielles ont été recueillies. Toutes les données recueillies ont montré une forte déviation du réalisme local et un appui solid pour la mécanique quantique. Cet article examine les bases théoriques des tests de Bell et les failles af liées, ainsi que les méthodes employées par ces expériences récentes et les implications de leurs résultats.
In a recent paper published last october 2015 by B.Hensen et al. [1] and in two companion papers published last december 2015 by B.Hensen et al. [2] and by L. Shalm et al. [3], the authors describe beautiful and complex experiments aimed at testing the theorem of J. Bell (1965) [4] with measurements free of the detection-loophole and the locality loophole that had never been closed unquestionably in a single experiment. According to their authors, each experiment, closing both loopholes, gives conclusive evidence in favor of nonlocality. Here I will argue that this claim may be questionable, and that such an evidence should be obtained by a different kind of experiments.
I s it possible to bring experiments to bear on metaphysical theses such as realism? In recent developments in quantum mechanics particularly associated with the late John Bell it has been claimed that a certain type of realism, what is known as local realism, has indeed been refuted by a series of experiments, culminating in those carried out by Alain Aspect and his collaborators in Paris in 1982. Crudely local realism means in this context that atomic and subatomic entities, the subject matter of quantum mechanics, possess definite sharp values for all their attributes at all times, and, in addition, these attributes cannot be affected instantaneously by operations such as measurements performed on other microentities at different spatial locations from the one whose attributes are in question. In other words, realism is supplemented with a denial of the possibility of instantaneous action-at-a-distance. Now relativity theory, the other great pillar of modern theoretical physics, is standardly understood as committed to such a denial. So an experimental refutation of local realism would force us to give up either locality (the no-instantaneous-action-at-a-distance principle) or the realist thesis itself. The first horn of this dilemma is closed off by appeal to relativity theory, and so the conclusion of the argument would appear to be the refutation of realism.