Causality Is Logically Definable — Toward an Equilibrium-Based Computing Paradigm of Quantum Agents and Quantum Intelligence (QAQI) (Survey and Research)
A survey on agents, causality and intelligence is presented and an equilibrium-based computing paradigm of quantum agents and quantum intelligence (QAQI) is proposed. In the survey, Aristotle’s causality principle and its historical extensions by David Hume, Bertrand Russell, Lotfi Zadeh, Donald Rubin, Judea Pearl, Niels Bohr, Albert Einstein, David Bohm, and the causal set initiative are reviewed; bipolar dynamic logic (BDL) is introduced as a causal logic for bipolar inductive and deductive reasoning; bipolar quantum linear algebra (BQLA) is introduced as a causal algebra for quantum agent interaction and formation. Despite the widely held view that causality is undefinable with regularity, it is shown that equilibrium-based bipolar causality is logically definable using BDL and BQLA for causal inference in physical, social, biological, mental, and philosophical terms. This finding leads to the paradigm of QAQI where agents are modeled as quantum ensembles; intelligence is revealed as quantum intelligence. It is shown that the ensemble formation, mutation and interaction of agents can be described as direct or indirect results of quantum causality. Some fundamental laws of causation are presented for quantum agent entanglement and quantum intelligence. Applicability is illustrated; major challenges are identified in equilibrium-based causal inference and quantum data mining.
A survey on agents, causality and intelligence is presented and an equilibrium-based computing paradigm of quantum agents and quantum intelligence (QAQI) is proposed. In the survey, Aristotle’s causality principle and its historical extensions by David Hume, Bertrand Russell, Lotfi Zadeh, Donald Rubin, Judea Pearl, Niels Bohr, Albert Einstein, David Bohm, and the causal set initiative are reviewed; bipolar dynamic logic (BDL) is introduced as a causal logic for bipolar inductive and deductive reasoning; bipolar quantum linear algebra (BQLA) is introduced as a causal algebra for quantum agent interaction and formation. Despite the widely held view that causality is undefinable with regularity, it is shown that equilibrium-based bipolar causality is logically definable using BDL and BQLA for causal inference in physical, social, biological, mental, and philosophical terms. This finding leads to the paradigm of QAQI where agents are modeled as quantum ensembles; intelligence is revealed as quantum intelligence. It is shown that the ensemble formation, mutation and interaction of agents can be described as direct or indirect results of quantum causality. Some fundamental laws of causation are presented for quantum agent entanglement and quantum intelligence. Applicability is illustrated; major challenges are identified in equilibrium-based causal inference and quantum data mining.
A survey on agents, causality and intelligence is presented and an equilibrium-based computing paradigm of quantum agents and quantum intelligence (QAQI) is proposed. In the survey, Aristotle’s causality principle and its historical extensions by David Hume, Bertrand Russell, Lotfi Zadeh, Donald Rubin, Judea Pearl, Niels Bohr, Albert Einstein, David Bohm, and the causal set initiative are reviewed; bipolar dynamic logic (BDL) is introduced as a causal logic for bipolar inductive and deductive reasoning; bipolar quantum linear algebra (BQLA) is introdused as a causal algebra for quantum agent interaction and formation. Despite the widely held view that causality is undefinable with regularity, it is shown that equilibrium-based bipolar causality is logically definable using BDL and BQLA for causal inference in physical, social, biological, mental, and philosophical terms. This finding leads to the paradigm of QAQI where agents are modeled as quantum enssembles; intelligence is revealed as quantum intelligence. It is shown that the enssemble formation, mutation and interaction of agents can be described as direct or indirect results of quantum causality. Some fundamental laws of causation are presented for quantum agent entanglement and quantum intelligence. Applicability is illustrated; major challenges are identified in equilibriumbased causal inference and quantum data mining.
Based on bipolar dynamic logic (BDL) and bipolar quantum linear algebra (BQLA) this work introduces bipolar quantum logic gates and quantum cellular combinatorics with a logical interpretation to quantum entanglement. It is shown that: 1) BDL leads to logically definable causality and generic particle-antiparticle bipolar quantum entanglement; 2) BQLA makes composite atom-atom bipolar quantum entanglement reachable. Certain logical equivalence is identified between the new interpretation and established ones. A logical reversibility theorem is presented for ubiquitous quantum computing. Physical reversibility is briefly discussed. It is shown that a bipolar matrix can be either a modular generalization of a quantum logic gate matrix or a cellular connectivity matrix. Based on this observation, a scalable graph theory of quantum cellular combinatorics is proposed. It is contended that this work constitutes an equilibrium-based logical extension to Bohr’s particle-wave complementarity principle, Bohm’s wave function and Bell’s theorem. In the meantime, it is suggested that the result may also serve as a resolution, rather than a falsification, to the EPR paradox and, therefore, a equilibrium-based logical unification of local realism and quantum non-locality.
While the quantum emergence of spacetime is becoming a major research topic in physics, the quantum emergence of intelligence has not been widely researched in quantum information science (QIS). Following causal-logical quantum gravity theory, bipolar entropy vs. entropy and negative entropy (or negentropy) are reviewed and distinguished for quantum emergence/submergence of quantum agent (QA) and quantum intelligence (QI) in algebraic terms. This work refers to QA as an entangled bipolar string/superstring in bipolar dynamic equilibrium (BDE) and QI being centered on logically definable causality in regularity, mind-light-matter unity, and brain-universe similarity. ER = EPR is extended to ER ≥≥ EPR for the mathematical scalability of bipolar strings and their collective entanglement. The extension leads to a number of conjectures, testable predictions, and theorems. The term “equilibraton” is proposed as a type of EPR or bipolar generic string to serve as an entropic stitch to collectively hold the universe together as a quantum entanglement in BDE with ubiquitous, regulated local emergence and submergence of QA&QI. Equilibraton leads to the concept of bipolar entropy square—a complete entropic solution to the background issue in quantum gravity. With complete background independence, energy/information conservational bipolar entropy, energy/information invariance, bipolar entropy non-additivity, and equilibrium-based plateau concavity are introduced. The nature of the one-dimensional arrow of time is conjectured. As a unification of order and disorder for equilibrium-based regulation, bipolar entropy bridges QA&QI to agentic AI, where quantum-bio-economics can be viewed as a topological intervention of a natural dynamic equilibrium in a social or natural world. Use cases are reviewed to illustrate the practical and theoretical aspects of bipolar entropy in business management, quantum-bio-economics, quantum cryptography, physics, and biology. Eddington–Einstein’s comments on entropy are revisited. It is expected that bipolar entropy will bring quantum emergence/submergence to agentic AI&QI for entangled machine thinking and imagination as a naturally scalable and testable foundation of real-world quantum gravity, quantum information science (QIS), quantum cognition and quantum biology (QCQB) to enhance Large Language AI Models (LLMs) and machine intelligence.
Without the geometry of light and logic of photon, observer-observability forms a paradox in modern science, truth-equilibrium finds no unification, and mind-light-matter unity is unreachable in spacetime. Subsequently, quantum mechanics has been shrouded with mysteries preventing itself from reaching definable causality for a general purpose analytical quantum computing paradigm. Ground-0 Axioms are introduced as an equilibrium-based, dynamic, bipolar set-theoretic unification of the first principles of science and the second law of thermodynamics. Related literatures are critically reviewed to justify the self-evident nature of Ground-0 Axioms. A historical misinterpretation by the founding fathers of quantum mechanics is identified and corrected. That disproves spacetime geometries (including but not limited to Euclidean and Hilbert spaces) as the geometries of light and truth-based logics (including but not limited to bra-ket quantum logic) as the logics of photon. Backed with logically definable causality and Dirac 3-polarizer experiment, bipolar quantum geometry (BQG) and bipolar dynamic logic (BDL) are identified as the geometry of light and the logic of photon, respectively, and wave-particle complementarity is shown less fundamental than bipolar complementarity. As a result, Ground-0 Axioms lead to a geometrical and logical illumination of the quantum and classical worlds as well as the physical and mental worlds. With logical resolutions to the EPR and Schrödinger's cat paradoxes, an analytical quantum computing paradigm named quantum intelligence (QI) is introduced. It is shown that QI makes mind-light-matter unity and quantum-digital compatibility logically reachable for quantum-neuro-fuzzy AI-machinery with groundbreaking applications. It is contended that Ground-0 Axioms open a new era of science and philosophy-the era of mind-light-matter unity in which human-level white-box AI&QI is logically prompted to join Einstein's grand unification to foster major scientific advances.
A cellular transformation of bipolar fuzzy sets to quantum intelligence (QI) machinery is presented based on an axiomatic formulation of equilibrium-based business intelligence (EBBI) and information conservational quantum-fuzzy cryptography (ICQFC). It is proven that any active bipolar cognitive map can be normalized to a bipolar quantum-fuzzy cognitive map-the logical equivalent of an information conservational bipolar quantum-fuzzy logic gate for equilibrium-based quantum cellular rebalancing. Such rebalancing leads to EBBI and ICQFC-an unexpected combination with unexpected synergy. Applicability of one EBBI algorithm and two ICQFC algorithms are illustrated. Information theoretic security and scalability of ICQFC are proved as a computational intelligence testbed for postquantum cryptography. It is argued that, while the illogical aspect of quantum mechanics prevents quantum computing from lending itself as an analytical paradigm, EBBI and ICQFC constitute a cellular transformation of bipolar fuzzy sets to high precision QI machinery-an equilibrium-based analytical paradigm for ubiquitous quantum modeling and quantum-digital compatible computing. A QI architecture is drafted. A QI transfer protocol is illustrated with ICQFC for EBBI. QI is, thus, distinguished by its ubiquitous, analytical, transferable, and quantum-digital compatible properties. It is asserted that QI as the most generic genre of intelligence underpins artificial and biological intelligence with mathematical, philosophical, and scientific distinctions. It is expected that through QI the research field of fuzzy sets and systems is destined to advance to the forefront of modern science including but not limited to brain science and quantum information science.
ABSTRACT Recent advances at the intersection of quantum physics, neuroscience, and cognitive science have renewed interest in whether quantum phenomena and quantum‐inspired formalisms can inform models of human cognition and decision‐making. While classical neural and computational models explain many aspects of perception and behavior, they face limitations in accounting for contextuality, order effects, probabilistic reasoning violations, ambiguity resolution, and rapid information integration. This review synthesizes evidence and theoretical frameworks linking quantum‐related principles to cognition, with emphasis on quantum sensing in biological systems, molecular and subcellular quantum‐relevant mechanisms, quantum‐to‐classical transition pathways, quantum‐inspired models of perception and decision‐making, and quantum‐inspired computational approaches. It also extends beyond the probabilistic arm of quantum cognition by considering emerging equilibrium‐based and causal‐logical theories, including mental equilibrium, brain‐universe similarity, mind‐light‐matter unity, quantum emergence, and quantum intelligence. Throughout, the review distinguishes physically instantiated quantum mechanisms from abstract quantum‐like formalisms that model contextuality, mental entanglement, and non‐separable cognitive dynamics without requiring sustained macroscopic quantum coherence in the brain. Finally, it identifies methodological challenges and future directions for advancing quantum cognitive science toward experimentally testable and biologically meaningful theories.