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OSA Continuum

Microwave controlled ground state coherence in an atom-based optical amplifier

K. V. Adwaith, K. N. Pradosh, J. K. Saaswath, Fabien Bretenaker, Andal Narayanan

Published Jan 27, 2021• 14 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We experimentally investigate and theoretically analyze the effect of microwave controlled atomic ground state coherence on the phase-dependent amplification (PDA) of an optical probe field. We use three hyperfine levels in room temperature 85Rb atoms, which are cyclically connected by two optical and one microwave electromagnetic field. We show that a simultaneous fulfilment of a two-photon resonance condition that creates ground state coherence and a three-photon resonance condition leads to a significantly higher amplification of 7.5 dB of the optical probe field with a visibility of 98.8 %. By selectively breaking the ground state coherence using microwaves, we show that the amplification reduces with a bandwidth of 5 MHz. Nevertheless, the system shows non-zero PDA for large two-photon detunings of 15 MHz with high visibility of 66.8 %. This novel, controllable hybrid-PDA can be potentially used to trade-off amplification for bandwidth during the transmission of phase coherent classical and quantum information.

DOI
10.1364/osac.413297

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We experimentally investigate and theoretically analyze the effect of microwave controlled atomic ground state coherence on the phase-dependent amplification (PDA) of an optical probe field. We use three hyperfine levels in room temperature 85Rb atoms, which are cyclically connected by two optical and one microwave electromagnetic field. We show that a simultaneous fulfilment of a two-photon resonance condition that creates ground state coherence and a three-photon resonance condition leads to a significantly higher amplification of 7.5 dB of the optical probe field with a visibility of 98.8 %. By selectively breaking the ground state coherence using microwaves, we show that the amplification reduces with a bandwidth of 5 MHz. Nevertheless, the system shows non-zero PDA for large two-photon detunings of 15 MHz with high visibility of 66.8 %. This novel, controllable hybrid-PDA can be potentially used to trade-off amplification for bandwidth during the transmission of phase coherent classical and quantum information.
In this work, Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) has been studied in a microwave driven closed cyclic Lambda atomic system. It is observed that in the absence of microwave field a normal transparency window is obtained, but when a microwave field is also applied between hyperfine levels along with the optical fields an amplification and attenuation in EIT signal is observed depending upon the relative phase between fields driving the atomic system. In fact, a new probe field is generated by microwave and coupling field which interfere constructively or destructively with incident probe field leading to either amplification, attenuation or asymmetricity in probe transmission signal. Also, dependency of phase sensitive amplification on ground state decoherence is also studied. This novel, controllable and amplified EIT signal can be potentially used for the transfer of coherent microwave analog or digital message signal over larger distance using optical fibers where amplification is preliminary requirement.
Rb atoms possessing ground-state coherence. Our novelty is in achieving significant optical PSA by manipulating the intensity and phase of a frequency-separated microwave field. PSA is obtained by inducing a three-wave mixing nonlinear process utilising a three-level cyclic scheme in the D1 manifold. We achieve a near-ideal PSA with a gain of 7 dB over a range of 500 kHz bandwidth with very low pump-field intensities and with low optical depths. Such a hybrid, ground-state-coherence-assisted PSA is the first such demonstration using atomic ensembles.
We experimentally demonstrate binary phase-shift keying and multi-stage four phase shift keying of a microwave carrier and its corresponding demodulation in the optical regime using room temperature Rb atoms. We use a cyclic three-level scheme in 85Rb atoms to achieve this. The importance of our scheme is that the cyclic, closed interaction of the atomic levels with electromagnetic fields makes our system inherently sensitive to the phase of the microwave field. This enables our system to directly encode a phase modulated digital signal in the microwave field and decode it as intensity modulation in the optical field. We measure the correlation of our demodulated optical signal with an ideal template and establish a viable signal bandwidth of about 1 MHz. Our atomic scheme also enables phase dependent amplification of the demodulated optical signal through a hybrid second order nonlinearity. This phase dependent atomic antenna has inherent features of demodulation, radio-to-optical conversion, and amplification. The ground states used in our scheme are quantum memory storage spin states, which makes our scheme inherently suitable for applications involving communication and storage and retrieval of quantum signals.
The atomic decoherence effect (DE) on electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT) is studied in the phase-sensitive ∆ system. The DE forces the susceptibility of the medium into negative or positive depending upon the resultant phase and the microwave field strength. In general, the phase-sensitive amplification (PSA) on the probe resonance laser field is induced by the microwave field. The DE plays a major role in tuning the PSA in such a medium. Moreover, we show that the control of the ground state decoherence in a phase-sensitive ∆ system leads to the gain in the output of the probe field. The DE is of great interest in the field of quantum information science, and quantum optics.
The atomic decoherence effect (DE) on electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT) is studied in the phase-sensitive ∆ system. The DE forces the susceptibility of the medium into negative or positive depending upon the resultant phase and the microwave field strength. In general, the phase-sensitive amplification (PSA) on the probe resonance laser field is induced by the microwave field. The DE plays a major role in tuning the PSA in such a medium. Moreover, we show that the control of the ground state decoherence in a phase-sensitive ∆ system leads to the gain in the output of the probe field. The DE is of great interest in the field of quantum information science, and quantum optics.
The atomic decoherence effect (DE) on electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT) is studied in the phase-sensitive ∆ system. The DE forces the susceptibility of the medium into negative or positive depending upon the resultant phase and the microwave field strength. In general, the phase-sensitive amplification (PSA) on the probe resonance laser field is induced by the microwave field. The DE plays a major role in tuning the PSA in such a medium. Moreover, we show that the control of the ground state decoherence in a phase-sensitive ∆ system leads to the gain in the output of the probe field. The DE is of great interest in the field of quantum information science, and quantum optics.