How do you teach quantum physics? What about quantum electrodynamics? Jeremy Bernstein considers a recent collection of Freeman Dyson’s lectures, Advanced Quantum Mechanics, and other published lectures by Julian Schwinger and Steven Weinberg.
Light is a quantum electrodynamic entity and hence bundles of rays must be describable in this framework. We demonstrate the duality in the description of elementary optical phenomena in terms of two-point correlation functions and in terms of collections of light rays. The generalizations necessary to deal with two-slit interference and diffraction by a rectangular slit are worked out and the usefulness of the notion of rays of darkness is illustrated. Quantum electrodynamics, to which Julian Schwinger has so definitively contributed1), is the theory of light at the present state of our knowledge. It has provided models of other field theories, particularly of weak interactions. Despite this the quantum electrodynamic description of light has not been satisfactorily developed. One recalls that Max Planck, the pioneer of quantum theory made a systematic study of light rays and radiative transfer 2) in which quantum concepts did not enter in any significant way. The general theory of quantum optics has so far ignored the question of the connection between light rays and quantum electrodynamics with the notable exception of the recent work of Wolf3). Unlike the notion of light rays in the short wavelength