Exploring quantum technology to precisely measure physical quantities is a meaningful task for practical scientific researches. Here, we propose a novel quantum sensing model based on dressed states driving (DSD) in stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. The model is universal for sensing different physical quantities, such as magnetic field, mass, rotation and etc. For different sensors, the used systems can range from macroscopic scale, e.g. optomechanical systems, to microscopic nanoscale, e.g. nitrogen-vacancy color centres in diamond. By investigating the dynamics of color detuning of DSD passage, the results show the sensitivity of sensors can be enhanced by tuning system with more adiabatic and accelerated processes in non-degenerate and degenerate color detuning regime, respectively. To show application examples, we apply our approach to build optomechanical mass sensor and solid spin magnetometer with practical parameters.Exploring quantum technology to precisely measure physical quantities is a meaningful task for practical scientific researches. Here, we propose a novel quantum sensing model based on dressed states driving (DSD) in stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. The model is universal for sensing different physical quantities, such as magnetic field, mass, rotation and etc. For different sensors, the used systems can range from macroscopic scale, e.g. optomechanical systems, to microscopic nanoscale, e.g. nitrogen-vacancy color centres in diamond. By investigating the dynamics of color detuning of DSD passage, the results show the sensitivity of sensors can be enhanced by tuning system with more adiabatic and accelerated processes in non-degenerate and degenerate color detuning regime, respectively. To show application examples, we apply our approach to build optomechanical mass sensor and solid spin magnetometer with practical parameters.

arXiv:2003.06970Mar 16, 20200 citations

A nanoscale magnetic spectrum analyzer based on qubit dressed states

Jan Hendrik Rueschkamp, Shantam Ravan, Daniel Fernandez +6 more

Magnetic field fluctuations on nanometer length scales manifest in a diverse range of phenomena -- electron and spin dynamics in materials and devices, quantum many-body systems, and molecular chemistry. Measuring these phenomena requires sensors with a challenging combination of broad spectral bandwidth, high sensitivity, and nanoscale spatial resolution. Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers, atom-like quantum sensors in diamond, possess the requisite sensitivity and nanoscale sensing volume, but are typically limited in bandwidth by the practical speed of the applied quantum control sequence. Here, we overcome this limitation by exposing the NV qubit to a microwave dressing field during a dynamical decoupling sequence, which both amplifies and frequency-mixes target signals at arbitrary frequencies into the detection band of the dynamical decoupling protocol. We demonstrate this approach by using NV centers to detect both coherent and noisy nanoscale spin wave dynamics in a magnetic yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) thin film over a broad frequency range. Our technique generalizes to other qubit platforms, providing a versatile framework for nanoscale spectroscopy across diverse physical and chemical systems.Magnetic field fluctuations on nanometer length scales manifest in a diverse range of phenomena -- electron and spin dynamics in materials and devices, quantum many-body systems, and molecular chemistry. Measuring these phenomena requires sensors with a challenging combination of broad spectral bandwidth, high sensitivity, and nanoscale spatial resolution. Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers, atom-like quantum sensors in diamond, possess the requisite sensitivity and nanoscale sensing volume, but are typically limited in bandwidth by the practical speed of the applied quantum control sequence. Here, we overcome this limitation by exposing the NV qubit to a microwave dressing field during a dynamical decoupling sequence, which both amplifies and frequency-mixes target signals at arbitrary frequencies into the detection band of the dynamical decoupling protocol. We demonstrate this approach by using NV centers to detect both coherent and noisy nanoscale spin wave dynamics in a magnetic yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) thin film over a broad frequency range. Our technique generalizes to other qubit platforms, providing a versatile framework for nanoscale spectroscopy across diverse physical and chemical systems.

arXiv:2606.05426Jun 3, 20260 citations

Interaction-Enhanced Sensing in Solid-State Spin Ensembles

Haoyang Gao

Solid-state spin ensembles have emerged as a leading platform for micro- and nanoscale sensing, combining high sensitivity, nanoscale spatial resolution, and operation under ambient conditions. At high spin densities, magnetic dipole–dipole interactions typically limit sensing performance by reducing coherence, but can in principle be harnessed to enhance sensitivity. Realizing such interaction-enhanced sensing in practice, however, remains challenging due to the intrinsic anisotropy of dipolar interactions and the random spatial distribution of spins. This thesis presents a series of experimental works that culminate in a practical interaction-enhanced magnetometer based on ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. Our approach is based on collective, one-axis-twisting-like (OAT-like) dynamics engineered from native dipolar interactions using controlled nanoscale spin textures, in combination with a dressed-state qubit encoding that significantly extends the sensor coherence time. These results open the door to practical deployment of interaction-enhanced quantum sensors for nanoscale biological imaging and material characterization.Solid-state spin ensembles have emerged as a leading platform for micro- and nanoscale sensing, combining high sensitivity, nanoscale spatial resolution, and operation under ambient conditions. At high spin densities, magnetic dipole–dipole interactions typically limit sensing performance by reducing coherence, but can in principle be harnessed to enhance sensitivity. Realizing such interaction-enhanced sensing in practice, however, remains challenging due to the intrinsic anisotropy of dipolar interactions and the random spatial distribution of spins. This thesis presents a series of experimental works that culminate in a practical interaction-enhanced magnetometer based on ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. Our approach is based on collective, one-axis-twisting-like (OAT-like) dynamics engineered from native dipolar interactions using controlled nanoscale spin textures, in combination with a dressed-state qubit encoding that significantly extends the sensor coherence time. These results open the door to practical deployment of interaction-enhanced quantum sensors for nanoscale biological imaging and material characterization.

Jan 1, 20260 citations

Superadiabatic stimulated Raman adiabatic passage between dressed states

Fupeng Jin, Ao Wang, Yunlan Ji +2 more

Abstract Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) is a widely used technique for efficient population transfer between quantum states. However, the adiabatic nature of STIRAP requires slow evolution, leading to long operation times, which limits its practical applications. The superadiabatic method has been introduced to accelerate the STIRAP process, but it often necessitates additional couplings between the initial and target states, which may not be available in the original Hamiltonian. In this work, we present a novel approach to implement superadiabatic STIRAP (sa-STIRAP) between dressed states in a three-level quantum system. By modulating the amplitude and phase of the original driving fields, the initial and target states in dressed-state space can be effectively coupled. This approach provides a practical means of realizing sa-STIRAP in experimental setups, making it convenient to accelerate adiabatic quantum state transfer.Abstract Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) is a widely used technique for efficient population transfer between quantum states. However, the adiabatic nature of STIRAP requires slow evolution, leading to long operation times, which limits its practical applications. The superadiabatic method has been introduced to accelerate the STIRAP process, but it often necessitates additional couplings between the initial and target states, which may not be available in the original Hamiltonian. In this work, we present a novel approach to implement superadiabatic STIRAP (sa-STIRAP) between dressed states in a three-level quantum system. By modulating the amplitude and phase of the original driving fields, the initial and target states in dressed-state space can be effectively coupled. This approach provides a practical means of realizing sa-STIRAP in experimental setups, making it convenient to accelerate adiabatic quantum state transfer.

Chinese Physics BJun 6, 20251 citation

Temperature selective thermometry with sub-100 nanosecond time resolution using dressed-spin states in diamond

Jiwon Yun, Kiho Kim, Sung‐Joon Park +1 more

Versatile nanoscale sensors that are susceptible to changes in a variety of physical quantities often exhibit limited selectivity. We propose a novel scheme based on microwave-dressed spin states for optically probed nanoscale temperature detection using diamond quantum sensors, which provides selective sensitivity to temperature changes. By combining this scheme with a continuous pump-probe scheme using ensemble nitrogen-vacancy centers in nanodiamonds, we demonstrate a sub-100-nanosecond temporal resolution with thermal sensitivity of 3.7 K $\cdot$ Hz $^{-1/2}$ that is insensitive to variations in external magnetic fields on the order of 2 G. The presented results are favorable for the practical application of time-resolved nanoscale quantum sensing, where temperature imaging is required under fluctuating magnetic fields.Versatile nanoscale sensors that are susceptible to changes in a variety of physical quantities often exhibit limited selectivity. We propose a novel scheme based on microwave-dressed spin states for optically probed nanoscale temperature detection using diamond quantum sensors, which provides selective sensitivity to temperature changes. By combining this scheme with a continuous pump-probe scheme using ensemble nitrogen-vacancy centers in nanodiamonds, we demonstrate a sub-100-nanosecond temporal resolution with thermal sensitivity of 3.7 K$\cdot$Hz$^{-1/2}$ that is insensitive to variations in external magnetic fields on the order of 2 G. The presented results are favorable for the practical application of time-resolved nanoscale quantum sensing, where temperature imaging is required under fluctuating magnetic fields.

May 8, 20210 citations

Enhancement of quantum sensing in a cavity-optomechanical system around the quantum critical point

Shao-Bo Tang, Hao Qin, Bingbing Liu +5 more

The precision of quantum sensing could be improved by exploiting quantum phase transitions, where the physical quantity tends to diverge when the system approaches the quantum critical point. This critical enhancement phenomenon has been applied to the quantum Rabi model, showing a promising sensing enhancement without the need for complex initial state preparation. In this work, we present a quantum phase transition in the coupling cavity-mechanical oscillator system when the coupling strength crosses a critical point, determined by the effective detuning of the cavity and frequency of the mechanical mode. By utilizing this critical phenomenon, we obtain a prominent enhancement of quantum sensing, such as the position and momentum of the mechanical oscillator. This result provides an alternative method to enhance the quantum sensing of some physical quantities, such as mass, charge, and weak force, in a large mass system.The precision of quantum sensing could be improved by exploiting quantum phase transitions, where the physical quantity tends to diverge when the system approaches the quantum critical point. This critical enhancement phenomenon has been applied to the quantum Rabi model, showing a promising sensing enhancement without the need for complex initial state preparation. In this work, we present a quantum phase transition in the coupling cavity-mechanical oscillator system when the coupling strength crosses a critical point, determined by the effective detuning of the cavity and frequency of the mechanical mode. By utilizing this critical phenomenon, we obtain a prominent enhancement of quantum sensing, such as the position and momentum of the mechanical oscillator. This result provides an alternative method to enhance the quantum sensing of some physical quantities, such as mass, charge, and weak force, in a large mass system.

arXiv:2303.16486Physical Review ANov 27, 202319 citations

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that is insensitive to variations in external magnetic fields on the order of 2 G. The presented results are favorable for the practical application of time-resolved nanoscale quantum sensing, where temperature imaging is required under fluctuating magnetic fields.