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Non-Hermitian Hamiltonians with real and complex eigenvalues in a Lie-algebraic framework

Bijan Kumar Bagchi, C. Quesne

Published Jan 1, 2002• 78 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We show that complex Lie algebras (in particular sl(2,C)) provide us with an elegant method for studying the transition from real to complex eigenvalues of a class of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians: complexified Scarf II, generalized Pöschl-Teller, and Morse. The characterizations of these Hamiltonians under the so-called pseudo-Hermiticity are also discussed. PACS: 02.20.Sv; 03.65.Fd; 03.65.Ge

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We show that complex Lie algebras (in particular sl(2,C)) provide us with an elegant method for studying the transition from real to complex eigenvalues of a class of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians: complexified Scarf II, generalized Pöschl-Teller, and Morse. The characterizations of these Hamiltonians under the so-called pseudo-Hermiticity are also discussed. PACS: 02.20.Sv; 03.65.Fd; 03.65.Ge
We analyse a class of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, which can be expressed in terms of bilinear combinations of generators in the -Lie algebra or their isomorphic su (1, 1)-counterparts. The Hamiltonians are prototypes for solvable models of Lie algebraic type. Demanding a real spectrum and the existence of a well-defined metric, we systematically investigate the constraints these requirements impose on the coupling constants of the model and the parameters in the metric operator. We compute isospectral Hermitian counterparts for some of the original non-Hermitian Hamiltonians. Alternatively, we employ a generalized Bogoliubov transformation, which allows us to compute explicitly real-energy eigenvalue spectra for these type of Hamiltonians, together with their eigenstates. We compare the two approaches.
We provide a reviewlike introduction to the quantum mechanical formalism related to non-Hermitian Hamiltonian systems with real eigenvalues. Starting with the time-independent framework, we explain how to determine an appropriate domain of a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian and pay particular attention to the role played by PJ symmetry and pseudo-Hermiticity. We discuss the time evolution of such systems having in particular the question in mind of how to couple consistently an electric field to pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonians. We illustrate the general formalism with three explicit examples: (i) the generalized Swanson Hamiltonians, which constitute non-Hermitian extensions of anharmonic oscillators, (ii) the spiked harmonic oscillator, which exhibits explicit super-symmetry, and (iii) the −x 4-potential, which serves as a toy model for the quantum field theoretical ϕ4-theory.