Evolution of regenerative Ca-ion wave-packet in neuronal-firing fields: Quantum path-integral with serial shocks

Lester Ingber

Ijiris Journal Division, Lester Ingber

The author previously developed a numerical multivariate path-integral algorithm, PATHINT, which was applied to several classical physics systems, including statistical mechanics of neocortical interactions, options in financial markets, and other nonlinear systems including chaotic systems. A quantum version, qPATHINT, has the ability to take into account time dependent modifications of an evolving system. qPATHINT is shown to be useful to study some aspects of serial changes to systems. Potential applications in neuroscience and financial markets are discussed.

Lester Ingber

Lei Lyu, Chen Pang, Jihua Wang

Lester Ingber

Several commerical quantum computers are now available that offer Hybrid Classical-Quantum computing. Application is made to a classical-quantum model of human neocortex, Statistical Mechanics of Neocortical Interactions (SMNI), which has had its applications published in many papers since 1981. However, this project only uses Classical (super-)computers.Since 2015, PATHINT, has been used as a numerical algorithm for folding path-integrals. Applications in several systems in several disciplines has generalized been from 1 dimension to N dimensions, and from classical to quantum systems, qPATHINT. Papers have applied qPATHINT to neocortical interactions and financial options.The classical space described by SMNI applies nonlinear nonequilibrium multivariate statistical mechanics to synaptic neuronal interactions, while the quantum space described by qPATHINT applies synaptic contributions from Ca2+ waves generated by astrocytes at tripartite neuron-astrocyte-neuron sites.Previous SMNI publications since 2013 have calculated the astrocyte Ca2+ wave synaptic interactions from a closed-form (analytic) expression derived by the author. However, more realistic random shocks to the Ca2+ waves from ions entering and leaving these wave packets should be included using qPATHINT between electroencephalographic (EEG) measurements which decohere the quantum wave packets.This current project extends calculations to multiple scales of interaction between classical events and expectations over the Ca2+ quantum processes to include these random shocks to fit EEG data to the SMNI model, with previous analytic forms for the quantum processes replaced by qPATHINT. The classical-quantum system is fit using the author's Adaptive Simulated Annealing (ASA) importance-sampling optimization code. Gaussian Quadratures are used for numerical calculation of momenta expectations of the astrocyte processes that contribute to SMNI synaptic interactions.This project demonstrates how some hybrid classical-quantum systems may be calculated using only classical (super-)computers.Recent calculations also are reported using the closed-form expression, with and without shocks.

Kevin Bradley Clark

Grover's quantum (search) algorithm exploits principles of quantum information theory and computation to surpass the strong Church-Turing limit governing classical computers. The algorithm initializes a search field into superposed N (eigen)states to later execute nonclassical "subroutines" involving unitary phase shifts of measured states and to produce root-rate or quadratic gain in the algorithmic time (O(N (1/2))) needed to find some "target" solution m. Akin to this fast technological search algorithm, single eukaryotic cells, such as differentiated neurons, perform natural quadratic speed-up in the search for appropriate store-operated Ca(2+) response regulation of, among other processes, protein and lipid biosynthesis, cell energetics, stress responses, cell fate and death, synaptic plasticity, and immunoprotection. Such speed-up in cellular decision making results from spatiotemporal dynamics of networked intracellular Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release and the search (or signaling) velocity of Ca(2+) wave propagation. As chemical processes, such as the duration of Ca(2+) mobilization, become rate-limiting over interstore distances, Ca(2+) waves quadratically decrease interstore-travel time from slow saltatory to fast continuous gradients proportional to the square-root of the classical Ca(2+) diffusion coefficient, D (1/2), matching the computing efficiency of Grover's quantum algorithm. In this Hypothesis and Theory article, I elaborate on these traits using a fire-diffuse-fire model of store-operated cytosolic Ca(2+) signaling valid for glutamatergic neurons. Salient model features corresponding to Grover's quantum algorithm are parameterized to meet requirements for the Oracle Hadamard transform and Grover's iteration. A neuronal version of Grover's quantum algorithm figures to benefit signal coincidence detection and integration, bidirectional synaptic plasticity, and other vital cell functions by rapidly selecting, ordering, and/or counting optional response regulation choices.