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Superfluidity in many fermion systems: Exact renormalisation group treatment

Boris Krippa

Published Oct 18, 2006• 4 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The application of the exact renormalisation group to symmetric as well as asymmetric many-fermion systems with a short-range attractive force is studied. Assuming an ansatz for the effective action with effective bosons, describing pairing effects a set of approximate flow equations for the effective coupling including boson and fermionic fluctuations has been derived. The phase transition to a phase with broken symmetry is found at a critical value of the running scale. The mean-field results are recovered if boson-loop effects are omitted. The calculations with two different forms of the regulator are shown to lead to a similar results. We find that, being quite small in the case of the symmetric many-fermion system the corrections to mean field approximation becomes more important with increasing mass asymmetry.

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The application of the exact renormalisation group to symmetric as well as asymmetric many-fermion systems with a short-range attractive force is studied. Assuming an ansatz for the effective action with effective bosons, describing pairing effects a set of approximate flow equations for the effective coupling including boson and fermionic fluctuations has been derived. The phase transition to a phase with broken symmetry is found at a critical value of the running scale. The mean-field results are recovered if boson-loop effects are omitted. The calculations with two different forms of the regulator are shown to lead to a similar results. We find that, being quite small in the case of the symmetric many-fermion system the corrections to mean field approximation becomes more important with increasing mass asymmetry.
The application of the exact renormalization group to a many-fermion system with a short-range attractive force is studied. We assume a simple ansatz for the effective action with effective bosons, describing pairing effects and derive a set of approximate flow equations for the effective coupling including boson and fermionic fluctuations. The phase transition to a phase with broken symmetry is found at a critical value of the running scale. The mean-field results are recovered if boson-loop effects are omitted. The calculations with two different forms of the regulator were shown to lead to similar results.
Functional renormalisation group approach is applied to a imbalanced many-fermion system with a short-range attractive force. We introduce a composite boson field to describe pairing effects, and assume a simple ansatz for the effective action. A set of approximate flow equations for the effective coupling including boson and fermionic fluctuations is derived and solved. We identify the critical values of particle number density mismatch when the system undergoes a normal state. We determine the phase diagram both at unitarity and around. The obtained phase diagram is in a reasonable agreement with the experimental data.
We consider pairing phenomena in the framework of the exact renormalization group. We introduce a boson field to describe pairing effects, and take a simple ansatz for the effective action. We derive a set of approx. flow equations for the effective coupling including boson and fermionic fluctuations. The initial conditions are obtained by renormalizing the interaction to fit the scattering length in vacuum. At some crit. value of the running scale, the numerical solns. show a phase transition to a gapped phase. Std. results are recovered if we omit the boson loops. [on SciFinder (R)]
We study the exact renormalization group flow for ultracold Fermi gases in the unitary regime. We introduce a pairing field to describe the formation of the Cooper pairs and take a simple ansatz for the effective action. A set of approximate flow equations for effective couplings including boson and fermionic fluctuations is derived. At some value of the running scale, the system undergoes a phase transition to a gapped phase. The values of the energy density, chemical potential, pairing gap and the corresponding proportionality constants relating the interacting and non-interacting Fermi gases are calculated. Standard mean-field results are recovered if we omit the boson loops.
The physics of interacting Fermi systems is extremely sensitive to the energy scale. Of particular interest is the low energy regime where correlation induced collective behavior emerges. The theory of interacting Fermi systems is confronted with the occurrence of very different phenomena along a continuum of scales calling for methods capable of computing physical observables as a function of energy scale. In this thesis, we perform a comprehensive renormalization group analysis of two and three-dimensional Fermi systems at low and zero temperature. We examine systems with spontaneous symmetry-breaking and quantum critical behavior by deriving and solving flow equations within the functional renormalization group framework. We extend the Hertz-Millis theory of quantumphase transitions in itinerant fermion systems to phases with discrete and continuous symmetry-breaking, and to quantum critical points where the zero temperature theory is associated with a non-Gaussian fixed point. The order parameter is implemented by a bosonic Hubbard-Stratonovich field, which - for continuous symmetry-breaking - splits into two components corresponding to longitudinal and transversal Goldstone fluctuations. We compute the finite temperature phase boundary near the quantum critical point explicitly including non-Gaussian fluctuations. We then set up a coupled fermion-boson renormalization group theory that captures the mutual interplay of gapless fermions with massless order parameter fluctuations when approaching a quantum critical point. As a first application, we compute the complete set of quantum critical exponents at the semimetal-to-superfluid quantum phase transition of attractively interacting Dirac fermions in two dimensions. Both, the order parameter propagator and the fermion propagator become nonanalytic functions of momenta destroying the Fermi liquid behavior. We finally compute the effects of quantum fluctuations in the superfluid ground state of an attractively interacting Fermi system, employing the attractive Hubbard model as a prototype. The flow equations capture the influence of longitudinal and Goldstone order parameter fluctuations on non-universal quantities such as the fermionic gap and the fermion-boson vertex, as well as the exact universal infrared asymptotics present in every fermionic superfluid.