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Semiclassical Aspects of Quantum Mechanics by Classical Fluctuations

De Martino, S, De Siena, S, Illuminati, F

Published Jan 1, 1998• 2 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Building on a model recently proposed by F. Calogero, we postulate the existence of a universal Keplerian tremor for any stable classical system. Deriving the characteristic unit of action α for each classical interaction, we obtain in all cases α ∼ = h, the Planck action constant, suggesting that quantum corrections to classical dynamics can be simulated through a fluctuative hypothesis of purely classical origin. PACS Numbers: 03.65.Bz; 05.45.+b; 05.40.+j In a recent paper F. Calogero has put forward an intriguing conjecture on the possible gravitational origin of quantization [1]. The scheme followed by Calogero is simple but appealing. He suggests that the origin of quantization be attributed to the universal interaction of every particle with the background gravitational force due to all other particles

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Semiclassical Aspects of Quantum Mechanics by Classical Fluctuations

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Building on a model recently proposed by F. Calogero, we postulate the existence of a universal Keplerian tremor for any stable classical system. Deriving the characteristic unit of action α for each classical interaction, we obtain in all cases α≅h, the Planck action constant, suggesting that quantum corrections to classical dynamics can be simulated through a fluctuative hypothesis of purely classical origin.

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Building on a model recently proposed by F. Calogero, we postulate the existence of a universal Keplerian tremor for any stable classical system. Deriving the characteristic unit of action α for each classical interaction, we obtain in all cases α ∼ = h, the Planck action constant, suggesting that quantum corrections to classical dynamics can be simulated through a fluctuative hypothesis of purely classical origin. PACS Numbers: 03.65.Bz; 05.45.+b; 05.40.+j In a recent paper F. Calogero has put forward an intriguing conjecture on the possible gravitational origin of quantization [1]. The scheme followed by Calogero is simple but appealing. He suggests that the origin of quantization be attributed to the universal interaction of every particle with the background gravitational force due to all other particles
The possibility is discussed of inferring or simulating some aspects of quantum dynamics by adding classical statistical fluctuations to classical mechanics. We introduce a general principle of mechanical stability and derive a necessary condition for classical chaotic fluctuations to affect confined dynamical systems, on any scale, ranging from microscopic to macroscopic domains. As a consequence we obtain, both for microscopic and macroscopic aggregates, dimensional relations defining the minimum unit of action of individual constituents, yielding in all cases Planck action constant.
Quantum mechanics is traditionally formulated in terms of postulates inferred from experimentalobservations. Here we propose that the statistical regularities of quantum mechanics arise as macro-scopic manifestations of stochastic fluctuations of dynamical parameters in microscopic systems gen-erated by a non-inertial physical background. Although the specific nature of this background mayvary, the universality of quantum statistics is ensured by invariant properties of stochastic dynam-ics - analogous to the role of the equivalence principle in general relativity - and by the existence ofa fundamental action scale, Planck constant h. By extending classical mechanics to include higher-order derivatives induced by non-inertial fuctuations and imposing a stability condition on admissibletrajectories, the minimal action scale h naturally emerges. In this framework quantum mechanicsappears as an effective statistical description of systems embedded in a fluctuating non-inertial envi-ronment while preserving all standard predictions of the theory.
A consistent theory including gravitational effects in quantum mechanics has not been found. Although many different approaches have been proposed for theory of quantum gravity, several authors have suggested that gravity may be fundamentally classical. As there is no experimental evidence for a fundamentally quantum vs. fundamentally classical theory of gravity, it is hoped that investigating the consequences of semiclassical gravity, one may propose an experiment to distinguish between the quantum or classical nature of gravity. As opto- and electromechanical devices allow quantum limited measurement and control over massive, mechanical degrees of freedom, they are ideal systems to test violations of standard quantum mechanics arising from gravitational effects. After a brief introduction to the background theory and literature review, we begin by introducing a semiclassical model of gravity based on quantum measurement and control. We show under which conditions the theory behaves like a collapse model, and how a Newtonian potential is recovered in the multi particle case.We then go on to analyse our semiclassical model in two scenarios: firstly in a cosmological setting, and secondly by considering quantum clocks on the surface of the earth. In the cosmological description, we show that a violation of energy conservation, resulting from our model, can be reinterpreted as a dark energy fluid in the spacetime, suggesting that perhaps local violations of conservations of energy may be resolved in a cosmological framework. Secondly, we derive a minimum, gravitational dephasing rate for quantum clocks under the semiclassical model, which unsurprisingly, is is well below the resolution of current state of the art clocks. The next chapters diverge from analysing the gravitational model, and instead focus on novel methods of manipulating and measuring micromechanical devices, that may be used to experimentally probe the results of the semi-classical theory. Firstly we show that a sequence of coherently controlled pulses in an optomechanical system can be used to directly probe the momentum of an oscillator - opening up the possibility for direct detection of momentum diffusion, which is a consequence of the semiclassical gravity model. Secondly, we introduce an electro-mechanical device, and sequence of control operations, that may be understood as an interferometer for the wave function of a mechanical oscillator coupled to a qubit. We show how the resulting interference pattern can distinguish between unitary evolution, thermalisation/decoherence, and a purely classical description of the mechanical oscillator. We also show how the qubit-oscillator interaction can be used generate arbitrary wave functions of the mechanical oscillator, using only classical qubit driving.
We develop an effective gravitational framework for the quantum–classical transition based on the dynamical stability of historical information. Building on previous analyses of gravitational temporal decoherence and the emergence of classical time, the present work addresses the subsequent problem of how classical histories become stable, persistent, and objectively accessible. The framework is formulated as a non-relativistic, semiclassical open-system dynamics in which gravity induces structurally constrained dissipative effects of Lindblad type. Within this setting, we introduce a stability functional that operationally characterizes which quantum states can support robust historical records and which are dynamically suppressed. The quantum–classical transition is described as a smooth, scale-dependent crossover controlled by physically meaningful parameters, rather than as a sharp boundary or interpretational postulate. The emergence of a unique classical past is shown to arise from dynamical selection: while multiple quantum histories are formally allowed, only those supported by stable physical records persist under gravitationally induced dissipation. The framework is explicitly effective in scope and does not rely on a microscopic derivation or full relativistic covariance. Instead, it identifies universal structural features that any viable fundamental theory must reproduce in the appropriate semiclassical regime. This work complements earlier studies on the emergence of classical time by providing a dynamical account of historical stability, thereby contributing to a coherent program for understanding the physical origin of classical reality.
We argue for the universality of quantum theory using a dynamical consistency argument, within a specific Hamiltonian setting. We analyse two different types of coupling between simple quantum harmonic oscillators. Each illustrates an aspect of the free and interacting quantum fields and shows the inadequacy of semiclassical models. In particular, we establish that requiring the canonical algebra to be preserved under joint unitary dynamics rules out specific hybrid classical-quantum models. We apply our reasoning to the gravitational field in the linear regime, coupled to the quantised electromagnetic field and, separately, to quantised matter. We conclude with a comparison to DeWitt's analysis of quantum measurement, in which the apparatus, if classical, must be at least stochastic to preserve the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle. We also note that stochastic models are inconsistent with the strict version of conservation principles, even if they comply with a probabilistic (on average) conservation.