It is shown that the application of a self-consistent projection-operator method, developed recently by the author, makes a complete treatment of the spontaneously decaying atomic state in relativistic QED possible. In a new physical real-transition interaction picture (in which the unobservable interaction of the free electron with the vacuum radiation field is eliminated) explicit finite analytic results for the non-Markovian time evolution and the radiative line shape in the case of relativistic Lyman-α spontaneous emission are obtained.
Using a new approach to the problem of the interaction of a composite system with a quantized radiation field, an expression for the two-photon amplitude of a composite system is derived in its center-of-mass frame, correct to order
v2/
c2. In the expression for the amplitude there are terms which depend on the recoil of the composite system due to the emission of the photons. These terms which are of order
v2/
c2 compared to the nonrelativistic terms were neglected in the previous relativistic treatments of the problem. We also show that the amplitude is relativistically invariant to order
v2/
c2, when viewed from another Lorentz frame. We have used the relativistic center-of-mass and internal variables of Krajcik and Foldy [R. A. Krajcik and L. L. Foldy, Phys. Rev. D 10, 1777 (1974)] throughout the treatment.