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IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)

Design Procedure for Dynamic Controllers based on LWE-based Homomorphic Encryption to Operate for Infinite Time Horizon

Junsoo Kim, Hyungbo Shim, Kyoohyung Han

Published Dec 14, 2020• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The design of encrypted controllers, which perform control operation directly over encrypted signals via homomorphic cryptosystems, should consider both security of the control data and performance of the controller. Considering the use of Learning With Errors (LWE) based cryptosystem, in this paper, we present a design procedure for encrypted linear dynamic controllers. Providing a guideline for choosing the parameters of the cryptosystem as well as quantization, the procedure guarantees both the desired level of security and performance. Receiving the encrypted signals of the plant input as well as the output, the proposed controller is able to perform the dynamic operation over encrypted data for infinite time horizon, without the use of decryption or reset of the state. Thanks to additively and multiplicatively homomorphic property of the LWE-based cryptosystem, information of both control signals and gain matrices is protected by encryption.

DOI
10.1109/cdc42340.2020.9304509

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Cyber-physical systems require reliable, safe, and secure control of critical infrastructure, combining computational and networking capabilities, which heighten the risk of cyber attacks. These attacks can disrupt the physical process, causing unforeseen consequences. One solution is the use of fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) to protect the control loop, allowing for secure computations and communications without compromising signal and control system privacy. The challenge with FHE, however, is its requirement for inputs to be integers. This presentation introduces a modified Learning With Errors (LWE) FHE approach that encodes control system dynamics and signals into integers. Our proposed scheme leverages a generalized LWE encoding function and modifies the Gentry-Sahai-Waters gadget decomposition tool to encrypt the control system. Using the modified LWE scheme, we formalize a fully encrypted control system, supported by simulated results.
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Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) require reliable, safe, and secure control of critical infrastructure, combining computational and networking capabilities, which heighten the risk of cyberattacks. These attacks can disrupt the physical process, causing unforeseen consequences. One solution is using fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) to protect the control loop, allowing for secure computations and communications without compromising signal and control system privacy. One challenge with FHE, however, is its requirement for inputs to be integers. This paper introduces a modified FHE scheme based on the learning with errors (LWE) problem. Our proposed scheme leverages a generalized LWE encoding function and modifies the Gentry-Sahai-Waters (GSW) gadget decomposition tool to encrypt the control system. Using the modified LWE scheme, we formalize a fully encrypted control system, supported by simulated results.
The paper presents applications of homomorphic cryptographic schemes in process control. Homomorphic encryption is a particular type of encryption that allows performing mathematical operations over encrypted data. Therefore the user can use third-party services as controllers without revealing any vulnerable information, like process data. Homomorphic properties make it possible to perform data aggregation or evaluate control actions without having any knowledge about the process data. Our paper explores two fully homomorphic cryptographic schemes, namely Brakerski/Fan-Vercauteren (BFV) and Cheon-Kim-Kim-Song (CKKS) cryptosystems. Each scheme is briefly described with its advantages and drawbacks, conditions, and applications. We present a case study involving hl linear-quadratic (LQ) control strategy implemented in an encrypted setup. This serves for comparison and a step-by-step guide for implementing encrypted process control.