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Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies

Enhancing physical layer security via a UAV friendly jammer for NOMA‐based IoT systems with imperfect CSI

Yang Chen, Zhongpei Zhang, Binrui Li

Published Jan 13, 2021• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract In this article, we investigate physical layer security in downlink Internet of Things networks under imperfect channel state information (CSI), in which a controller (Alice) intends to serve two user devices (D1 and D2) simultaneously by using nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA). Cooperative jamming (CJ) is introduced as a powerful solution for guaranteeing secure transmission. To be specific, we integrate an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) jammer that generates artificial noise to confuse multiple noncolluding eavesdroppers (Eves). Considering only D1 requires secure transmission, we develop an adaptive power allocation scheme to maximize the secrecy rate at D1 while meeting the desired quality of service (QoS) threshold at D2. Furthermore, a strategy can be utilized to obtain the optimal location of the UAV jammer is derived for further performance enhancement. Besides, we also examine the impact of the channel uncertainties on system performance. Numerical results are provided to confirm the superiority and applicability of the proposed CJ scheme over benchmark schemes in terms of secrecy performance and effective energy efficiency.

DOI
10.1002/ett.4175

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Abstract In this article, we investigate physical layer security in downlink Internet of Things networks under imperfect channel state information (CSI), in which a controller (Alice) intends to serve two user devices (D1 and D2) simultaneously by using nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA). Cooperative jamming (CJ) is introduced as a powerful solution for guaranteeing secure transmission. To be specific, we integrate an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) jammer that generates artificial noise to confuse multiple noncolluding eavesdroppers (Eves). Considering only D1 requires secure transmission, we develop an adaptive power allocation scheme to maximize the secrecy rate at D1 while meeting the desired quality of service (QoS) threshold at D2. Furthermore, a strategy can be utilized to obtain the optimal location of the UAV jammer is derived for further performance enhancement. Besides, we also examine the impact of the channel uncertainties on system performance. Numerical results are provided to confirm the superiority and applicability of the proposed CJ scheme over benchmark schemes in terms of secrecy performance and effective energy efficiency.
In this paper, we study secure cooperative transmission for the multiple-input-single-output multiple-eavesdropper (MISOME) systems, where a source (Alice) aims to send confidential messages to a legitimate user (Bob) with the aid of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) enabled friendly jammer (Charlie) in the presence of multiple eavesdroppers (Eves). To further guarantee the secrecy performance, artificial noise (AN) beamforming together with cooperative Jamming (CJ) has been utilized in this considered system with only location and statistical channel state information of the Eves. Specifically, taking imperfect channel state information (CSI) between Charlie and Bob into account, we derive the exact closed-form expression of the secrecy outage probability (SOP) and develop an efficient scheme to solve the secrecy rate maximization (SRM) problem which has been verified as a convex one under certain SOP. Moreover, we propose an optimal UAV placement strategy to further enhance secrecy performance. The numerical results are provided to validate that the system security would seriously degenerate with channel uncertainty. Besides, the proposed scheme is verified to outperform the terrestrial CJ scheme in improving the secrecy rate and secure energy efficiency (EE) performance under perfect CSI or tolerable channel estimation errors. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed UAV placement strategy in enhancing transmission security and the applicability of the proposed scheme has also been demonstrated.
Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming an emerging paradigm to achieve ubiquitous connectivity, via massive deployment of physical objects, such as sensors, controllers, and actuators. However, concerns on the IoT security are raised due to the wireless broadcasting nature and the energy constraint of the physical objects. In this paper, we study secure downlink transmission from a controller to an actuator, with the help of a cooperative jammer to fight against multiple passive and noncolluding eavesdroppers. In addition to artificial noise aided secrecy beamforming for secure transmission, cooperative jamming (CJ) is explored to further enhance physical layer security. In particular, we provide a secrecy enhancing transmit design to minimize the secrecy outage probability (SOP), subject to a minimum requirement on the secrecy rate. Based on a strict mathematical analysis, we further characterize the impacts of the main channel quality and the minimum secrecy rate on transmit designs. Numerical results confirm that our design can enhance both security (in terms of SOP) and power efficiency as compared with the approach without CJ.
In this paper, we investigate the secrecy performance of cooperative wireless communication networks, where a source (Alice) intends to transmit information to a legitimate user (Bob) with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) enabled friendly jammer in the presence of a passive eavesdropper (Eve). In order to maximize the secrecy rate of the system under a certain secrecy outage probability, we design a scheme utilizing artificial-noise (AN) beamforming and cooperative jamming to determine the optimal power allocation factor with only location and statistical channel state information of the Eve. Numerical results validate that the proposed scheme can significantly improve the secrecy rate and secure energy efficiency (EE) performance.
The broadcast nature of air-to-ground line-of-sight (LoS) wireless channel imposes a great challenge in secure unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communications. To address this issue, this paper investigates UAV-ground communications from the physical-layer security perspective. Specifically, the investigated scenario includes a UAV serving as the base station (BS) that transmits confidential signals to a legitimate ground user, and there are multiple eavesdroppers on the ground with unknown position information. To further enhance the secrecy performance of the UAV-ground communications, an idle UAV can be employed to serve as a friendly jammer, which can transmit jamming signals to confuse the eavesdroppers. In our proposed strategy, the flying trajectory and the transmit power for both the UAVs are jointly optimized by maximizing the worst-case secrecy rate (WCSR) of the system. Considering the intractability of the formulated non-convex problem, we further provide a block coordinate descent-based iterative optimization method. Simulations verify that our proposed algorithm can significantly improve the average WCSR in comparison with the existing works.
This paper exploits the mobility of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to improve the physical layer (PLS) security against potential eavesdropping scenarios, where the sensitive data transmitted from a ground base station (GBS) to multiple information receivers (IRs) is easily eavesdropped by multiple non-colluding eavesdroppers (Eves). Specifically, the UAV is employed as a friendly jammer to transmit artificial noise to degrade the wiretap channels. By leveraging the UAV's mobility and the possibility of establishing line-of-sight links, the UAV can move close to the Eves and opportunistically jam them. Especially, two practical factors, namely, the imperfect location information of Eves and the existence of no-fly zones are considered. Since only the partial position information of the Eves can be known, as the worst case, the minimum average secrecy rate of IRs is robustly optimized by jointly designing the trajectory and jamming power of the UAV, and the transmission power of the GBS to ensure the security of all IRs. However, the formulated problem with coupled variables is non-convex and intractable. As such, an efficient alternative iterative suboptimal algorithm is proposed to solve this problem by applying the block coordinate descent, successive convex approximation, slack variables, andS\mathcal {S}S-Procedure. Numerical results reveal that the proposed robust algorithm can substantially improve the max-min average secrecy rate, and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is further verified by comparing it with three benchmark schemes.
The massive connectivity requirement and security issues have become major factors restricting the further development of the Internet of Things. Nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) can be combined with physical layer security (PLS) to achieve massive connectivity and secure transmission. This article investigates the PLS performance for a downlink communication system over Nakagami-m fading channels, with full-duplex (FD) cooperative NOMA transmission aided by artificial noise (AN). While direct communication is built between the base station and two NOMA users, the strong user is employed as an FD relay as well as the jammer to enhance the PLS of the legitimate transmission in the presence of a passive eavesdropper (Eve). Closed-form analytical expressions in terms of the outage probability of the legitimate users and the intercept probability of Eve are derived to evaluate the security–reliability trade-off (SRT) of the proposed scheme. Monte Carlo simulations are provided to validate the veracity of the theoretic analyses and illustrate that the proposed scheme is superior in terms of SRT to the benchmark schemes in the low SNR region. Furthermore, the results reveal that the SRT performance of the two NOMA users can be enhanced through a proper AN-bearing ratio and power allocation optimization.