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International Journal of Theoretical Physics

Partial Steerability and Nonlocality of Multipartite Quantum States

Mohamed Ismael Ali, Huaixin Cao

Published Jan 2, 2021• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s10773-020-04665-0

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Spin-12\frac{1}{2}21​ two-leg ladder models under a magnetic field have a well-known phase diagram. In this paper, we use multipartite nonlocality (a measure of multipartite quantum correlations) to characterize the quantum correlations in the ladder models at zero temperature. Both finite-size and infinite-size ladders are considered. We investigate the global nonlocality ${\mathcal{S}}_{g}=\mathcal{S}(|{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Psi}}}_{g}\ensuremath{\rangle})$, which describes quantum correlations of the ground states $|{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Psi}}}_{g}\ensuremath{\rangle}$ of the entire lattices, and the partial nonlocality ${\mathcal{S}}_{p}=\mathcal{S}({\stackrel{\ifmmode \hat{}\else \^{}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\rho}}}_{n})$, which describes quantum correlations of the reduced states ${\stackrel{\ifmmode \hat{}\else \^{}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\rho}}}_{n}$ of some sublattices in the ladders. We find that as the magnetic field $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ increases, the global nonlocality Sg{\mathcal{S}}_{g}Sg​ presents a single-peak curve. Moreover, the logarithmic measure lnSgln{\mathcal{S}}_{g}lnSg​ changes dramatically at the two critical fields ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{{c}_{1}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{{c}_{2}}$ of the models and thus signals the quantum phase transitions in the models. For the partial nonlocality Sp{\mathcal{S}}_{p}Sp​, in the regions ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{{c}_{1}}<\ensuremath{\lambda}<{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{{c}_{2}}$, we observe that the ${\mathcal{S}}_{p}(\ensuremath{\lambda})$ curve shows an oscillation. Numerical results reveal that the underling mechanism is the ``major component transitions'' in the reduced states ${\stackrel{\ifmmode \hat{}\else \^{}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\rho}}}_{n}$ of the sublattices. More importantly, the oscillation of the partial nonlocality Sp{\mathcal{S}}_{p}Sp​ is modulated by the single-peak curve of the global nonlocality Sg{\mathcal{S}}_{g}Sg​. The result provides valuable clues about the relation between partial nonlocality and global nonlocality in low-dimensional quantum models.
Quantum nonlocality manifests in multipartite systems through entanglement, Bell's nonlocality, and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering. While Peres's positive-partial-transpose criterion provides a simple and powerful test for entanglement, a comparably elegant spectral criterion for detecting EPR steering remains an open challenge. In this work, we systematically explore whether a Peres-type criterion can be established for EPR steering in the two-qubit system. Focusing on rank-2 (including rank-1) states and the two-qubit Werner state, we analyze the eigenvalues of their partially transposed density matrices and construct a significant steering criterion based on symmetric combinations of these eigenvalues. We prove that this criterion serves as a necessary and sufficient condition for steerability for the Werner state, all two-qubit pure states, all two-qubit rank-2 states. Furthermore, we validate the criterion for higher-rank states (rank-3 and rank-4) and show that the results align with known steering inequalities. Our findings suggest a more unified framework for detecting quantum nonlocality via partial transposition and open avenues for further theoretical and numerical investigations into steering detection.