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Chinese Physics B

Setup of a dipole trap for all-optical trapping*

Miao Wang, Zheng Chen, Yao Huang, Hua Guan, Kelin Gao

Published Dec 30, 2020• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Micromotion induced by the radio-frequency field contributes greatly to the systematic frequency shifts of optical frequency standards. Although different strategies for mitigating this effect have been proposed, trapping ions optically has the potential to provide a generic solution to the elimination of micromotion. This could be achieved by trapping a single ion in the dipole trap composed of a highpower laser field. Here, we present the setup of the dipole trap composed of a 532 nm laser at a power of 10 W aiming to optically trap a single 40Ca+ and we observe an AC-Stark shift of the fluorescence spectrum line of ∼22 MHz caused by the 532 nm dipole beam. The beam waist of the dipole laser is several microns, which would provide a dipole potential strong enough for all-optical trapping of a single 40Ca+ ion.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/abd767

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Micromotion induced by the radio-frequency field contributes greatly to the systematic frequency shifts of optical frequency standards. Although different strategies for mitigating this effect have been proposed, trapping ions optically has the potential to provide a generic solution to the elimination of micromotion. This could be achieved by trapping a single ion in the dipole trap composed of a highpower laser field. Here, we present the setup of the dipole trap composed of a 532 nm laser at a power of 10 W aiming to optically trap a single 40Ca+ and we observe an AC-Stark shift of the fluorescence spectrum line of ∼22 MHz caused by the 532 nm dipole beam. The beam waist of the dipole laser is several microns, which would provide a dipole potential strong enough for all-optical trapping of a single 40Ca+ ion.
Abstract We have experimentally achieved the all-optical trapping of a 40Ca+ ion. An optical dipole trap was established using a high-power, far-detuned, tightly focused laser with a wavelength of 532 nm. The single 40Ca+ ion was trapped without any RF fields and demonstrated a long lifetime of over 3 s. In this experiment, we implemented several measures to improve the optical trapping probability, including focusing the dipole beam waist near the diffraction limit, precisely compensating for stray electric fields, and mitigating electron shelving in metastable states. The optical trapping of a 40Ca+ ion eliminates the influence of micromotion induced by RF fields, potentially paving the way for development of all-optical trapping ion optical clocks.
The concept of an active optical frequency standard was proposed about 10 years ago. The idea was to use optically trapped alkaline-earth atoms as a gain medium to built an extremely narrow-line laser, whose frequency would be robust against fluctuations of the cavity length. The main challenge in the realization of this concept is the short trap lifetime of the atoms. Recently we showed, that in such a laser, neutral atoms may be replaced by charged ions in a radio-frequency (RF) Paul trap with much longer lifetime. This idea rests on two pillars: the effect of synchronization of radiating dipoles with moderate inhomogeneous broadening, and the possibility to compensate (in leading orders) micromotion-induced shifts for some ion species in specially designed traps.
The parity of atomic wave functions prevents neutral atoms from having permanent electric-dipole moment. Electric-dipole moment is induced in an atom when exposed to strong light, the electric field of the light. Hence the optical trapping of neutral atoms relies on the induced dipole moment. Here we present the calculated numerical values of the detuning, potential depth, minimum laser power required to trap 87^{87}87Rb (D2D_2D2​ line) atoms using lasers of wavelength 1064 nm, 850 nm, 820 nm and 800 nm and beam waists 50μμμm, 100μμμm and 200μμμm.
Excess "micromotion" of trapped ions due to the residual radio-frequency (rf) trapping field at their location is often undesirable and is usually carefully minimized. Here, we induce precise amounts of excess micromotion on individual ions by adjusting the local static electric field they experience. Micromotion modulates the coupling of an ion to laser fields, ideally tuning it from its maximum value to zero as the ion is moved away from the trap's rf null. We use tunable micromotion to vary the Rabi frequency of stimulated Raman transitions over two orders of magnitude, and to individually control the rates of resonant fluorescence from three ions under global laser illumination without any changes to the driving light fields. The technique is amenable to situations where addressing individual ions with focused laser beams is challenging, such as tightly packed linear ion strings or two-dimensional ion arrays illuminated from the side.
The parity of atomic wave functions prevents neutral atoms from having permanent electric-dipole moment. Electric-dipole moment is induced in an atom when exposed to strong light, the electric field of the light. Hence the optical trapping of neutral atoms relies on the induced dipole moment. Here we present the calculated numerical values of the detuning, potential depth, minimum laser power required to trap 87^{87}87Rb (D2D_2D2​ line) atoms using lasers of wavelength 1064 nm, 850 nm, 820 nm and 800 nm and beam waists 50mu\\mumum, 100mu\\mumum and 200mu\\mumum.